催化裂化装置SO2污染控制技术

通过分析炼油厂硫的分布和流向,介绍催化裂化装置SO2生成及排放情况,明确了催化裂化装置SO2排放源及其分类。依据SO2排放的环保控制要求,提出催化裂化装置SO2排放控制方法:催化裂化原料加氢预处理、使用硫转移催化剂和烟气脱硫。     

消除环境管理中信息沟通的"噪音"

从系统论、信息论的角度探讨了违法排污事件屡禁不止的原因,并分析了当前环境管理系统中信息传递中存在的问题,提出了完善当前环境管理系统中信息链的具体措施.     

混凝-Fenton工艺处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的中试研究

采用混凝-Fenton组合工艺对漳州九龙岭垃圾填埋场的渗滤液经NF+RO处理后膜滤浓缩液进行中试试验,探讨了PAC、PAM、FeSO4·7H2 O和H2 O2的投加量对处理效果的影响及反应机理,并设计各工艺单元参数.结果表明:混凝工艺药剂最佳投加量为PAC 2000 mg/L、PAM 9 mg/L;Fenton工艺的氧化剂最佳投加量为FeSO4·7H2 O 1.6 g/L、H2 O28 mL/L.膜滤浓缩液经处理后,出水COD约300 mg/L,色度约30,平均去除率分别达76.8%和95.4%,处理费35.52元/t,试验结果为同类膜滤浓缩液提供了经济可行的处理方法和工艺设计依据.     

入境船舶压载水潜在致病菌组成及影响因素研究

船舶压载水直接促进了地理性隔离海域之间的水体交换,可作为潜在致病菌迁移扩散的媒介。本文以采集到的25艘入境船舶的压载水样品为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术对潜在致病菌群落组成和影响因素进行了初步解析。结果表明:变形菌（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌（Bacteroidetes）和放线菌（Actinobacteria）为压载水中的优势菌门。船舶压载水中共检出36个潜在致病菌属和19个潜在致病菌种。痤疮丙酸杆菌（Cutibacterium acnes）、大肠埃希氏杆菌（Escherichia coli）和表皮葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus epidermidis）为压载水中最普遍的潜在致病菌,检出率超过50%。置换和未置换压载水中潜在致病菌的种类数量和丰度并无显著差异。此外,压载水中的潜在致病菌与磷酸盐及大肠埃希氏杆菌呈显著正相关性,表明其可能与近岸的人类活动有关。综上所述,相关部门应当对船舶压载水加强管理,以降低潜在致病菌的入侵扩散风险。     

Removal of refractory organics and heavy metals in landfill leachate concentrate by peroxi-coagulation process

Landfill leachate is a complex effluent and it is difficult to deal with. Electrochemical methods have been considered as a promising alternative technology for treatment of landfill leachate with refractory organic contaminants and heavy metals. Peroxi-coagulation (PC) process with iron anode and modified graphite felt cathode was developed for efficient landfill leachate concentrate treatment. Compared to electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes, the PC process was more cost-effective due to the combined action of ^•OH oxidation and iron hydroxides coagulation. A maximal TOC removal of 77.2% ± 1.4% was obtained after 360 min at initial pH = 5.0 and current density of 10 mA/cm². After the PC process, concentrations of all seven heavy metals in the final effluents were below the allowable emission limits given by the present regulatory standards. The method preference for heavy metal removal was PC > EC > EF. Based on the three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with regional integration analysis during the PC treatment, the florescence peaks of both humic acids and fulvic acids disappeared after treatment for 360 min. Decreasing trends were observed in the fluorescent regional standard volumes for aromatic protein I (31.4%), aromatic protein II (63.7%), fulvic acid-like (69.5%), soluble microbial by-product-like (75%) and humic acid-like regions (76.3%). The results indicate that comparing to the EF and EC process, the PC process provide a promising and more cost-effective alternative for the treatment of landfill leachate concentrate.     

Mechanisms of Pb(II) coprecipitation with natrojarosite and its behavior during acid dissolution

Lead (Pb) coprecipitation with jarosite is common in natural and engineered environments, such as acid mine drainage (AMD) sites and hydrometallurgical industry. Despite the high relevance for environmental impact, few studies have examined the exact interaction of Pb with jarosite and the dissolution behavior of each phase. In the present work, we demonstrate that Pb mainly interacts with jarosite in four modes, namely incorporation, occlusion, physically mixing, and chemically mixing. For comparison, the four modes of Pb-bearing natrojarosite were synthesized and characterized separately. Batch dissolution experiments were undertaken on these synthetic Pb-bearing natrojarosites under pH 2 to simulate the AMD environments. The introduction of Pb decreases the final Fe releasing efficiency of jarosite-type compounds from 18.18% to 3.45%-5.01%, showing a remarkable inhibition of their dissolution. For Pb releasing behavior, PbSO₄ dissolves in preference to Pb-substituted natrojarosite, i.e., (Na, Pb)-jarosite, which primarily results in the sharp increase of Pb releasing concentration (> 40 mg/L). PbSO₄ occlusion by jarosite-type compounds can significantly reduce the release of Pb. The results of this study could provide useful information regarding Fe and Pb cycling in acidic natural and engineered environments.     

湿度传感器在环境监测中的技术应用研究

湿度是大气环境的主要参数,利用湿度传感器对环境湿度的监测能够及时掌握环境状态。首先,分析湿度传感器的结构和工作原理,对湿度传感器接收的信号进行处理。其次,选择SHT10系列湿度传感器作为湿度监测设备,开展湿度传感器的校准。最后,针对大气湿度进行湿度试验,分析试验结果。结果显示,监测显示误差小于0.354 %RH,具有一定的监测精度,且P值均大于α,由此判断湿度传感器监测具有一定的一致性,能够符合大气环境湿度监测要求。     

黄河流域分布式水文模型开发和验证

研究目的是开发和验证大流域分布式水文模型,为黄河流域水资源评价和演化规律分析服务。在综合了分布式水文模型和陆面过程模型各自优点的基础上,开发出模拟对象为“天然-人工”二元水循环系统的WEP-L模型。该模型以“子流域内等高带”为计算单元,并用“马赛克”法考虑计算单元内土地覆被的多样性,避免了采用过粗网格单元产生的模拟失真问题。针对各水循环要素过程时间尺度不同的特点,计算时采用了1h至1d的“变时间步长”,既合理表述了水循环动力学机制又提高了计算效率。将全黄河流域划分为具有空间拓扑关系的8485个子流域和38720个等高带,采用45年(1956～2000年)水文气象系列数据及相应下垫面条件进行了模拟计算,并根据黄河流域主要水文站逐月和逐日径流系列进行了模型校验。验证结果表明,所构建的模型具有较高模拟精度,可应用于黄河流域二元水循环过程模拟和水资源演变规律分析。     

我国"九五"期间环评火电项目SO2控制分析

从我国"九五"期间新建、改建、扩建的83个燃煤火电项目的环境影响评价报告书中取得相关数据,采取实证研究的办法,对这些项目的SO2控制情况进行分析.结果表明:这83个项目中有87%的计划装机容量使用含硫量小于1%的低硫煤;大于31%的计划装机容量采取了脱硫措施.从国家鼓励的增产不增污的效果来看,自1997年起,区域内实现增产不增污的项目比例较高,达到60%以上,2000年达到了100%.同时,火电厂内实现增产不增污的项目比例也逐年上升.可以看出"九五"期间提出的有关新建火电厂的SO2控制政策在环境影响评价这一阶段得到了很好的执行.提出在今后的SO2控制政策设计中要注意浓度控制和总量控制的政策协调性.