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201.
We apply a fixed-effects model to examine the impact of trade and environmental policies on air quality at ports along the U.S.-Mexico border. We control for other factors influencing air quality, such as air quality of cities near the border, volume of traffic flows and congestion. Results show the air quality improved after 2004, when the diesel engine policy was applied. We see mixed results for the trade policy, whose implementation time varies across ports along the international border. Controlling for air quality in cities near the border is essential for assessing the policy contributions to air quality. 相似文献
202.
Developing countries across the world have embraced the policy of high economic growth as a means to reduce poverty. This economic growth largely based on industrial output is fast degrading the ecosystems, jeopardizing their long term sustainability. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has long been recognized as a tool which can help in protecting the ecosystems and aid sustainable development. The Screening guidelines for EIA reflect the level of commitment the nation displays towards tightening its environmental protection system. The paper analyses the screening process for EIA in India and dissects the rationale behind the exclusions and thresholds set in the screening process. The screening process in India is compared with that of the European Union with the aim of understanding the extent of deviations from a screening approach in the context of better economic development. It is found that the Indian system excludes many activities from the purview of screening itself when compared to the EU. The constraints responsible for these exclusions are discussed and the shortcomings of the current command and control system of environmental management in India are also explained. It is suggested that an ecosystem carrying capacity based management system can provide significant inputs to enhance the effectiveness of EIA process from screening to monitoring. 相似文献
203.
M. Shah Nawaz Chowdhury M. Shahadat Hossain Nani Gopal Das Prabal Barua 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2011,15(1):163-180
The Naaf River estuary is one of the large estuaries in the Bangladesh coastal region not to have been affected by extensive
human disturbance. This research provides information about the fisheries diversity status by Estuarine Set Bag Net (ESBN)
sampling relation to physicochemical variables in both spatio-temporal scales. About 25 km of the lower estuary was divided
into six zones for sample collection by considering the accessibility and availability of the ESBN operation, fish landing
centers and location of the fishing villages. In total 48 samples have been analyzed which were taken throughout March to
October 2006. To quantify the species diversity, all fisheries data were analyzed by using EstimateS and EcoSim software which
accounts the different diversity indices viz., species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity Index, Dominance and Evenness index.
The research results demonstrate that the Naaf River estuary is a habitat of 161 (species richness, Sobs = 161, Choa 1 = 162 ± 2.34,
ACE = 161.73) different species which belong to 98 fin fishes, 23 shrimps and prawns, 13 crabs, 11 molluscs, 3 echinoderms,
4 other crustaceans; while 9 remain unidentified. Results on the aquatic environment, mainly salinity and turbidity were found
to have a major influence on their occurrence and distribution. All the findings indicated that the Naaf River estuary is
a highly productive system and provides a favourable environment for large variety of estuarine species assemblages. 相似文献
204.
Chaudhari Anand Kumar Dwivedy Abhishek Kumar Singh Vipin Kumar Das Somenath Singh Akanksha Dubey Nawal Kishore 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25414-25431
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of stored food items is of utmost concern throughout the world due to their hazardous effects on mammalian systems.... 相似文献
205.
Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and pH were synthesized from 30 publications to determine the
factors regulating concentrations and behavior of metals in freshwater systems. Results from the review suggest that contrasting
watershed land use can directly (erosion and runoff) and indirectly (in-lake processes including metal–DOM–pH interactions)
affect the metal concentrations in freshwater systems. Among the watershed land uses considered here, concentrations of Fe,
Mn, and Cu were observed in the following order: arctic lakes < forested < agricultural < urbanized < mined. A drastic difference
in mean metal concentrations has been observed when undisturbed or low impact watersheds (arctic and forested) were changed
by agricultural, urban, and mining developments. Relationships between metal concentrations and pH revealed that metals precipitate
at high pH (pH > 5). Additionally, at pH < 5, metal concentrations were significantly correlated with DOM due to metal–DOM
complexation. High ratios of metal: DOM occur only at low DOM concentrations. Collectively, two general conclusions can be
drawn from this review. First, lakes, rivers, and streams with urbanized watersheds are the most susceptible to increased
concentrations of metals. Secondly, these results also suggest that regardless of high or low DOM in the water column, pH
would affect metal concentrations in freshwater systems. Nonetheless, free metal ions would be higher in freshwater systems
with acidic water and low DOM. 相似文献
206.
T.S. Ramulu S.K. Sahoo R.K. Mohapatra G. Roy Chaudhury S.N. Das 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(12):2087-2090
The Seasonally Integrated Flux (SIF) of N2O emission during pulse cultivation in Rabi season (Season-I: December to April) in rain-fed uplands of Orissa, was found to be 17.7 ± 0.07, 18.7 ± 0.16 and 43.3 ± 0.14 gha?1 for horse gram (HG), black gram (BG) and green gram (GG) respectively. During the subsequent Rabi season (Season-II), the SIF of N2O for BG and GG cultivated in the same fields were 20.9 ± 0.24 and 38.0 ± 0.42 gha?1 respectively. Similarly SIF values during rice cultivation with different cultivars have also been calculated to be in the range ?20.05 ± 0.33 to 21.98 ± 0.29. Statistical analysis showed good correlation of N2O emission with climatic and soil parameters like temperature, nutrient N and organic matter in soil during pulse cultivation. Multivariate analysis was carried out to factorize the results obtained. Using student ‘t’ test, the N2O emission was observed to be similar for two consecutive Rabi seasons for pulses like BG and GG. 相似文献
207.
208.
Two industrial solid waste products generated by Indian coal-fired power plants, namely pond ash and fly ash, were used in combination with local clay to develop building bricks. The clay were mixed with the two different ashes in the range 10 to 90 wt.%, hydraulically pressed and fired at 1000 degrees C. The fired products were characterized for various quality properties required for building bricks. The properties of the optimal compositions were compared with conventional red clay bricks including the developed microstructures and the comparative study generally showed that te ash-clay bricks were of superior quality to the conventional products. 相似文献
209.
A field experiment has been conducted with four systemic herbicides viz., butachlor [N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-acetanilide], fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-(2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-trifluoromethyl) aniline], oxadiazon [5-terbutyl-3-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopro poxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one] and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene] at their recommended field rates (2.0, 1.5, 0.4 and 0.12kga.i.ha(-1), respectively) to investigate their effects on growth and activities of aerobic non-symbiotic N(2)-fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in relation to availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the rhizosphere soils as well as yield of the rice crop (Oryza sativa L cv. IR-36). Application of herbicides, in general, highly stimulated the population and activities of the target microorganisms, which resulted in a greater amount of atmospheric nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization in the rhizosphere soils of the test crop. The greater microbial activities subsequently augmented the mineralization and availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil solution, which in turn increased the yield of the crop. Among the herbicides, oxyfluorfen was most stimulative followed by fluchloralin and oxadiazon in augmenting the microbial activities in soil. Butachlor also accentuated the mineralization and availability of nitrogen due to higher incitement of non-symbiotic N(2)-fixing bacteria in paddy soil. The grain and straw yields of the crop were also significantly increased due to the application of oxyfluorfen (20.2% and 21%) followed by fluchloralin (13.1% and 15.4%) and butachlor (9.1% and 10.2%), respectively. 相似文献
210.
Radhakrishnan Rokesh Banerjee Sanjukta Banerjee Srijoni Singh Vaishali Das Debabrata 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(2):790-803
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Dwindling fossil fuels, and the rise in energy demand have urged us to explore alternative renewable energy forms. An integrated process of dark... 相似文献