Uranium enrichment by the separation-nozzle process

The Science of Nature - The development of reliable manufacturing methods for commercial separation elements, the successful operation of separative stages, and extensive tests performed on plant...     

Ecoprofit-Styria-prepare Thirteen pollution prevention case studies in the Styrian industry

The paper focuses upon the organization of a federal state-funded pollution prevention project in the Styrian industry. The project includes 13 companies from the textile, pulp and paper, machine building, wood working and printed circuit board manufacturing industries, covering most of the sectors and sizes in the Styrian industry. It started in January 1994 and will last for one year. It will demonstrate the possibilities of pollution prevention and the need for further research work. This project will make use of the methods and tools that were refined in the Austrian Prepare project. As a first step, a systematic balance of all the inputs and outputs of a company is made, after which the weak points and inefficiencies of material and energy use are identified and the options for improvements, both economical and ecological, are defined. Consequently, modifications in products and production lead to a situation with less waste and emissions. The preliminary lessons from these projects are presented: as a rule, the utilities (consumption of process materials and water, cleaning, energy, preparatory and finishing steps) are treated as black boxes and usually represent a considerable optimization potential. In these areas especially there is usually a lack of information and coordination as well as a need for a systematic and comprehensive approach. Leadership in the company and creative consultants are needed for starting lasting successful pollution prevention projects.     

气相色谱法测定汽油作业环境中MTBE含量

建立了汽油作业场所空气中MTBE的气相色谱测定方法。空气中的MTBE用注射器采集，直接进样，经大口径毛细管柱分离，氢焰离子化检测器检测，以保留时间定性，峰面积定量，并考察了MTBE与甲醇、正己烷的分离效果。     

Occurrence and congeners specific of poiychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils from Southern Jiangsu, China

A total of 198 agricultural soil samples were collected from Zhangjiagang and Changshu in Southern Jiangsu for analysis of 13 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in order to assess the levels of pollution, sources, area distribution, and potential risk for the environment. All methods were rigorously tested and an adequate quality control was ensured. Only one site had no PCBs residues, and the highest total PCBs concentration in the surface soils was 32.83 ng/g. The average concentration in all the soil samples was 4.13 ng/g, signaling low-level pollution. Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant species in soil samples, accounting for more than 75% ofΣPCBs in the soil samples. PCB118 was the most abundant congener in all the samples. The PCB118 was about 20% ofΣPCBs. The soil organic matter content showed only a weak correlation with the levels of all PCB congeners, in which a better correlation was noted for the more volatile lighter PCB congeners than for the heavier homologues. To a certain extent, the sources and land use seemed to influence the levels of PCBs.     

一种特殊形状制件的成形工艺

对弹匣前口板这种特殊形状制件成形工艺进行了讨论,找到了一种具有较高材料利用率,较高生产效率及简便易行的成形方法.     

The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis

In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwins Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwins perspective. Weismanns neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwins dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the modern synthesis is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and molecular evolution, experimental bacterial evolution, and computer simulations (in silico evolution of digital organisms). In addition, we discuss the expansion of the modern synthesis, embracing all branches of scientific disciplines. It is concluded that the basic tenets of the synthetic theory have survived, but in modified form. These sub-theories require continued elaboration, particularly in light of molecular biology, to answer open-ended questions concerning the mechanisms of evolution in all five kingdoms of life.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. hc mult. Ernst Mayr on the occasion of his 100th birthdayThis revised version was published online in March 2004, with corrections to the caption of Figure 6.     

花岗岩类岩体与金矿床成因关系的探讨

花岗岩类岩体与金矿床存在着密切的空间联系，其成因关系一直是矿床学界争论的焦点，目前传统的岩浆热液成因观点仍居统治地位。随着地质资料的积累，高温高压实验技术，尤其是金矿床同位素定年技术的进展，传统观点受到了严峻挑战。成岩成矿的时代与时差、成矿流体的来源和成矿物质的来源等确定金矿床成因类型关键因素的综合研究表明，有密切空间关系的金矿床与花岗岩类岩体之间，在多数情况下两者并无直接的成因联系，金矿床不是岩浆热液成因，而是与大气降水或建造水有关的改造成矿作用的产物。     

楔横轧模具的铣削加工及其机床设计

根据楔横轧模具孔型及其加工成形的特点,对楔横轧模具大面积大螺距楔形提出了一种简单高效的铣削加工方法,并设计制造了楔横轧轧辊模具孔型加工专用机床——SDM机床。新设计的SDM机床投资小,可以加工直径为φ620 mm～φ1000mm的轧辊模具,加工导程最大可达469 mm,加工周期短,成本低,且大大降低了工人劳动强度。