Fenton法降解餐厨垃圾废水恶臭的试验研究

基于Fenton法对水中有机污染物的强氧化能力,研究其对餐厨垃圾废水中恶臭物质的去除条件及降解特性.采用GC-MS分流进样(分流比5∶1)的方法,对目标物质进行分离,并选择离子(SIM)模式检测.餐厨垃圾废水各目标污染物质分离情况良好,共检出20种挥发性有机恶臭污染物,其总质量浓度为8.60 mg/m3.通过单因素试验,研究H2O2、Fe2+投加量、pH值、氧化时间对恶臭物质(以甲硫醇、乙酸乙酯和二硫化碳为代表)的去除效果;并利用正交试验进一步确定以上因素的影响程度,从而得出Fenton氧化试验的最佳反应条件:反应初始pH=5,H2O2投加量为0.98 mol/L,Fe2+投加量为10 g/L,反应进行120 min.此时目标分析物质总降解率达99.6％,水样臭阈值降低了 97％以上.试验结果满足环境恶臭污染物无组织排放限值,该法对高效降解餐厨垃圾废水异味具有参考价值.     

Thermal dependency of burrowing in three species within the bivalve genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Laternula</Emphasis>: a latitudinal comparison

The upper thermal limits for burrowing and survival were compared with micro-habitat temperature for anomalodesmatan clams: Laternula elliptica (Antarctica, 67°S); Laternula recta, (temperate Australia, 38°S) and Laternula truncata (tropical Singapore, 1°N). Lethal limits (LT₅₀) were higher than burrowing limits (BT₅₀) in L. elliptica (7.5–9.0 and 2.2°C) and L. recta (winter, 32.8–36.8 and 31.1–32.8°C) but the same range for L. truncata (33.0–35.0 and 33.4–34.9°C). L. elliptica and L. truncata had a BT₅₀ 0.4 and 2.4–3.9°C, respectively, above their maximum experienced temperature. L. recta, which experience solar heating during midday low tides, had a BT₅₀ 0.7–2.4°C below and a range for LT₅₀ that spanned their predicted environmental maximum (33.5°C). L. recta showed no seasonal difference in LT₅₀ or BT₅₀. Our single genus comparisons contrast with macrophysiological studies showing that temperate species cope better with elevated temperatures. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

三油酸甘油酯-醋酸纤维素复合膜萃取水体中痕量有机氯农药的研究

以三油酸甘油酯-醋酸纤维素复合膜(TECAM)萃取作为监测水体中痕量有机氯农药的方法．探讨分析过程中的影响因素和优化条件,结果表明,膜萃取分析方法对17种有机氯农药的平均加标回收率为53％-111％,对强疏水性污染物表现出较高的回收率．利用该方法在南方某自来水厂各工艺段水体中检测出了滴滴涕及其代谢产物、六六六等五种有机氯农药．     

基于超效率DEA模型的三峡库区生态效率评价及空间演化格局分析

本文基于2010—2017年的统计数据,首先采用超效率DEA模型对三峡库区26个区县的生态效率进行测算,然后运用空间自相关分析方法对三峡库区生态效率的演化格局进行了实证分析,探索三峡库区生态效率的时空动态演变特征。研究表明:2010—2017年三峡库区生态效率平均水平处于0.5601～1.1920,整体呈现波动性变化趋势,生态效率在一定程度上有所改善,但是整体水平仍然较低;从区域层面看,各个区县间生态效率水平不平衡,空间分布上呈现"西高东低"的非均衡性特征。局部空间自相关分析表明,三峡库区2010—2017年集聚性呈逐渐减弱态势,空间异质性逐渐增加,整体的生态效率差异变大。最后依据实证研究分析结果,本文对如何提升三峡库区生态效率提出了相应的政策建议。     

海滩旅游资源质量评比体系

论文回顾了当前国内外海滩旅游资源质量评价体系的发展现状 ,并依据我国具体状况 ,提出了适合我国国情的新的评价体系。新体系选择80个评价因子 ,分为旅游资源条件和可利用条件两个大类 ,前者包括地貌、水体、气候气象、生物、人文等5个亚类 ;后者包括基础设施及管理、安全、卫生等3个亚类。论文建立的新的海滩质量评比展示模式将有利于国内外海滩的质量对比 ,可促使我国海滩旅游业与国际接轨、能够向人们提供较多的海滩质量信息并利于海滩的经营管理     

亚铁活化过硫酸钠氧化预处理电镀废水

针对电镀生产过程产生的难降解、高浓度的有机废水,采用Fe~(2+)活化过硫酸钠产生硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术对其进行预处理。重点探讨了S_2O_8~(2-)投加量、n(Fe~(2+))∶n(S_2O_8~(2-))、废水pH等因素对有机物去除及废水可生化性的影响。实验结果表明,常温下,在S_2O_8~(2-)投加量为4.0 g/L、n(Fe~(2+))∶n(S_2O_8~(2-))为1.00、废水pH为7.0的条件下,废水的处理效果最佳,反应20 min后COD去除率可达70%,BOD_5/COD从原水的0.21升至0.40,废水的可生化性大幅提高,能够满足深度生化处理的要求。     

The role of collaboration in environmental management: an evaluation of land and resource planning in British Columbia

Recent literature on land-use planning proposes the use of innovative collaborative planning (CP) models to resolve planning disputes. This paper uses a participant survey based on 25 evaluative criteria to evaluate an application of CP to land-use planning in British Columbia, Canada. The results show that CP is an effective means of resolving environmental conflict and produces significant additional benefits such as improved stakeholder relations, skills, and knowledge. The case study evaluation also identifies the keys to successful CP management including factors related to process design and external circumstances.     

An inventory of wetland impoundments in the coastal zone of Louisiana,USA: Historical trends

We inventoried wetland impoundments in the Louisiana, USA, coastal zone from the late 1900s to 1985. Historically, impoundment of wetlands for reclamation resulted in direct wetland loss after levees (dikes) failed and the impounded area was permanently flooded, reverting not to wetland, but to open-water habitat. A current management approach is to surround wetlands by levees and water control structures, a practice termed semi-impoundment marsh management. The purpose of this semi-impoundment is to retard saltwater intrusion and reduce water level fluctuations in an attempt to reduce wetland loss, which is a serious problem in coastal Louisiana. In order to quantify the total impounded area, we used historic data and high-altitude infrared photography to map coastal impoundments. Our goal was to produce a documented inventory of wetlands intentionally impounded by levees in the coastal zone of Louisiana in order to provide a benchmark for further research. We inventoried 370,658 ha within the coastal zone that had been intentionally impounded before 1985. This area is equal to about 30% of the total wetland area in the coastal zone. Of that total area, approximately 12% (43,000 ha) is no longer impounded (i.e., failed impoundments; levees no longer exist or only remnants remain). Of the 328,000 ha still impounded, about 65% (214,000 ha) is developed (agriculture, aquaculture, urban and industrial development, and contained spoil). The remaining 35% (114,000 ha) of impoundments are in an undeveloped state (wetland or openwater habitat). In December 1985, approximately 50% (78,000 ha) of the undeveloped and failed impoundments were open-water habitat. This inventory will allow researchers to monitor future change in land-water ratios that occur within impounded wetlands and thus to assess the utility of coastal wetland management using impoundments.     

Two contrasting effects of predation on species richness in coral reef habitats

The species richness of sessile organisms on settlement panels on a coral reef was measured by the slope of a regression of log_e number of species against log_e area of sample. At a well illuminated site where panels were colonised by algae, the species richness of algae was 19% smaller on surfaces grazed by fishes than on protected surfaces. At a second site in a cave, the species richness of animals on grazed surfaces was 20% greater than on protected surfaces. These results are discussed in the light of differences between the sites. The contrasting effects of predation at the two sites are probably the result of more selective predation at the cave site than at the other site.     

河北省藁城市蔬菜种植区化肥施用与地下水硝酸盐污染研究

通过农户问卷调查和地下水田间取样分析 ,主要对河北省藁城市蔬菜种植区的化肥施用与地下水硝酸盐污染现状进行了研究。结果表明 :2 0 0 1年藁城市蔬菜种植区化肥施用纯量为 1 4 0 8.6kg·hm-2 ,其中氮肥施用纯量为 84 0 .8kg·hm-2 ;藁城市各蔬菜种植模式下氮肥施用量由高到低的顺序依次为大棚 >温室 >中棚 >小棚 >地膜 >露地 ;温室、中棚和露地蔬菜区地下水硝酸盐含量最高值出现在 8月 ,而地膜蔬菜区则在 1 1月 ;各蔬菜种植模式对地下水影响的大小顺序为地膜 >中棚 >温室 >露地 ,影响因素主要有密集度、种植模式、种植年限、氮肥施用量和土壤质地等。