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991.
992.
Porpora MG Ingelido AM di Domenico A Ferro A Crobu M Pallante D Cardelli M Cosmi EV De Felip E 《Chemosphere》2006,63(8):1361-1367
Endometriosis has been hypothesised to be linked to persistent and toxic organochlorinated chemicals. Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds have in particular been associated with the disease, mainly on the basis of experimental studies. Data in women are conflicting. A case-control study on 80 Italian nulliparous women of reproductive age was carried out to assess whether there is a correlation between the presence of endometriosis and blood levels of polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), a family of ubiquitary environmental pollutants which comprises congeners with dioxin-like activity. Higher levels of PCBs were found in women with endometriosis. A mean cumulative value of 410 ng g(-1), lipid base, was found in cases versus the value of 250 ng g(-1) observed in the control group (odds ratio for upper tertile 4.0, CI 95% 1.3-13; p = 0.0003). PCB increase involved both dioxin-like (PCBs 105, 118, 156, and 167) and non-dioxin-like congeners (PCBs 101, 138, 153, 170, 180). 相似文献
993.
Total mercury contents from both abiotic and biological compartments within several estuaries from Argentina have been studied since the 1980s. The assessment of mercury occurrence in surface sediments, suspended particulate matter and crab and fish species from Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Bahía Blanca estuary and Samborombón Bay (in La Plata river estuary) are included in the present study. All samples were analyzed through Cold Vapor-Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, following internationally standardized methods. In all cases analytical quality was checked against international reference materials. During the 1980s, Hg contents in sediments and SPM, as well as in edible fish species from Bahía Blanca estuary were significantly higher (p<0.01) than those of the 1990s and 2000s, and the large industrial nucleus located in the northern margin of this estuary was elsewhere identified as the main source of this metal. A permanent monitoring program carried out in 1986 and that is being implemented up to the present has demonstrated that Hg concentration values have significantly decreased (p<0.01) compared to the values of the 1980s. Both, Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon and Samborombón Bay have intermediate mercury levels in their biological compartments. In both cases, the possible occurrence of remote sources of this metal was considered. Even though, Hg values as determined in sediments and suspended particulate matter from Samborombón Bay were the highest ones for the whole analyzed period. Both mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes were evaluated in the studied estuaries, as well as the potential qualification of estuarine foodstuffs for human consumption. 相似文献
994.
Effects of the antidepressant mianserin in zebrafish: molecular markers of endocrine disruption 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
van der Ven K Keil D Moens LN Hummelen PV van Remortel P Maras M De Coen W 《Chemosphere》2006,65(10):1836-1845
Due to their environmental occurrence and intrinsic biological activity, human pharmaceuticals have received increasing attention from environmental and health agencies. Of particular, ecotoxicological concern are drugs that affect nervous- and endocrine-systems. Zebrafish genome-wide oligo arrays are used to collect mechanistic information on mianserin-induced changes in gene expression in zebrafish. Gene expression analysis in brain and gonad tissue clearly demonstrated the estrogenic activity of mianserin and its potency to disrupt normal endocrine (estrogenic) signaling, based on induction of molecular biomarkers of estrogenicity (e.g., vitellogenin1 and zona pellucida proteins). The possible mechanism underlying this estrogenic activity of mianserin is disturbance of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis by direct interference of mianserin with the serotonergic and adrenergic systems in the brain of zebrafish. Taking into account the importance of the HPG-axis, and considering the concept of 'critical window of exposure', our results reveal the importance for more elaborate testing of endocrine disruptive effects of aquatic antidepressants at different lifestages and during longer exposure periods (e.g., life cycle studies). Although there is a low concordance between the gene expression results in this study and previous cDNA microarray hybridizations, the global mechanistic expression patterns are similar in both platforms. This argues in favor of pathway-driven analysis of gene expression results compared to gene-per-gene analysis. 相似文献
995.
Staelens J De Schrijver A Verheyen K Verhoest NE 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,142(2):254-263
Although the spatial variability of throughfall (TF) in forest ecosystems can have important ecological implications, little is known about the driving factors of within-stand TF variability, particularly in deciduous forests. While the spatial variability of TF water amount and H+ deposition under a dominant beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) tree was significantly higher in the leafed period than in the leafless period, the spatial TF deposition patterns of most major ions were similar in both periods. The semiannual TF depositions of all ions other than H+ were significantly positively correlated (r=0.68-0.90, p<0.05) with canopy structure above sample locations throughout the entire year. The amounts of TF water and H+ deposition during the leafed period were negatively correlated with branch cover. We conclude that the spatial heterogeneity of ion deposition under beech was significantly affected by leaves in the growing period and by branches in non-foliated conditions. 相似文献
996.
Li YH Rahim Y Lu W Song GX Yan Y De DZ Zhang SN Zhou SF Chen SM Yang BJ 《Traffic injury prevention》2006,7(4):403-407
OBJECTIVE: The main objectives of the study are to analyze fatal traffic-injury trends in 1987-2003 in Shanghai and predict its prevalence in near future and provide scientific data for the local governmental decision on developing practical working methods on traffic-injury prevention and control. METHODS: In this study, epidemiological method and Grey dynamic model GM (1,1) were introduced to analyze and forecast traffic-injury mortality rates respectively. RESULTS: There was an apparent increasing trend of traffic-related injuries in Shanghai from 1987 to 2003 with the rate of growth in motorization. The average rates of annual increase are 3.59% in fatalities (from 7.78 per 100,000 population to 14.18 per 100,000 population) during the period. Pedestrians were the most common type of victims (29.6%), followed by bicyclists (25.1%), and motorcyclists (24.1%). Males accounted for the majority of all victims, over 69%. The population of high-school and lower high-school education level represented 66.4% victims of total road-traffic injuries. And if no special factors effect its development, the traffic fatalities would be up to 17.84 per 100,000 population in 2010, when calculating from equations we found and validated Y(t) = 359.90 x e0.027(t-1)-352.13, (t = 1, 2, ..., N) for Shanghai. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate the risk of fatal traffic injuries has increased in recent years and will go on growing in the near future in Shanghai. The findings showed that Grey dynamic model GM (1,1) is eligible on the prediction and can be a tool for injuries forecasting, implementing effective policies, programs, and interventions for reducing traffic injuries in the big cities. 相似文献
997.
Since foodstuffs from animal origin and particularly poultry products have been pointed out several times as reservoir of dioxins and related compounds, notably in Belgium few years ago, food chain safety issues appeared. Although food chain contamination incidents occurred many times through contaminated feedstuffs consumption in commercial chicken farms, very few studies have been carried out on transfer of dioxins and related compounds from commercial feed to hens. The present work continues a preliminary study on dioxin transfer in laying chickens carried out in our lab and available on-line on November 2004 in Environment International. In this work, absorption of dioxins were not preferential for 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners, increase with increasing number of chlorines, and was not linearly dependent of the octanol/water partition. Only 2,3,7,8-congeners were found in all organs studied, and these latter showed the same congener profile and similar lipid-normalized concentration, except for the liver. Abdominal fat and liver seemed to be the major storage sites and the liver preferentially retained highly chlorinated congeners. Unfortunately in this previous trial, laying process stopped very early for unknown reason leading to a considerable lost of information. In the present toxicokinetic study, more complete gastrointestinal absorption, excretion in eggs and bioaccumulation of dioxins in different tissues were investigated in chickens fed for 14 weeks with a 9 ng TEQ/kg contaminated feed. Stable levels were reached after 7 weeks in excreta and 9 weeks in eggs. During the whole trial, gastrointestinal absorption ranged between 41% and 91% depending on the congener. At steady state conditions, excretion of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and OCDF exceeded 100% demonstrating excretion from tissues of these congeners which were also the most abundant in feed. 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF, 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF and 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF seemed to be metabolized more efficiently. Lipid adjusted concentrations and pattern were unexpectedly similar in the abdominal fat and the liver. On the contrary, eggs and breast muscles showed different pattern with higher level for high chlorinated congeners. When extrapolating our results, we found that a feed containing 0.750 ng TEQ/kg of dioxins (European norm for feedstuff) would cause a level lower than the maximum threshold level of 3 pg TEQ/g fat for chicken eggs fixed by European Communities. Nevertheless, a concentration lower than 0.6 ng TEQ/kg in feed would be needed to produce breast muscles less contaminated than 2 pg TEQ/g fat authorized in European. 相似文献
998.
上海市旅游生态足迹分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用生态足迹的理论与方法,结合旅游者的生态消费及结构特征,借助现代地理信息技术,对上海市旅游生态足迹进行了分析。通过测算,2009年上海市旅游生态足迹为66 333 483.428hm2,人均旅游生态足迹为466.547×10-4 hm2;旅游生态承载力为1 900 029.08hm2,人均旅游生态承载力为146.908×10-4 hm2,人均生态赤字为319.692×10-4 hm2。从上海市旅游生态足迹结构来看,旅游交通和旅游购物足迹的比例最大,分别占71.79%和23.76%,旅游餐饮和休闲娱乐其次,分别为3.44%和0.14%,比例最小的是旅游观光和旅游住宿。这表明旅游活动正在过度消耗上海城市资源环境,旅游业目前处于生态赤字状态,因此应采取相关的改进措施,以实现资源保护与旅游发展的平衡,并着手调整旅游产业内部结构,发展环保节能的交通工具,大力推动低碳旅游发展,开发有特色的旅游商品,提高旅游购物消费,在保证生态资源可持续利用的同时保持旅游经济快速发展。 相似文献
999.
Alessandro Paletto Federica Maino Isabella De Meo Fabrizio Ferretti 《Environmental management》2013,51(2):414-422
Values are generally defined as social facts that orientate individual and collective actions, and consequently influence political, economic and social systems. The evaluation of natural resource values is considered an important instrument to support decision making in environmental policy. The forest is an important renewable resource that provides a mix of social, economic and environmental values for society. The paper presents a survey method to collect and analyse individual preferences relating to three macro-categories of forest values. The survey method was tested in the Trentino region (north-east of the Italian Alps) and will soon be extended to other areas. The results of the questionnaires provided evidence that the forest economic value is perceived as least important, while the environmental values were appreciated the most. Regarding the principle social variables, males tended to give higher scores to all three macro-categories compared to females. Moreover, people with a low education also gave higher scores to all three categories in comparison to the more educated individuals. 相似文献
1000.
采用加速溶剂萃取处理土壤样品,用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定样品中15种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留,方法在5.00μg/L~200μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.3μg/kg~0.5μg/kg,加标回收率为78.9% ~116%,6次测定结果的RSD为0.7% ~15.7%.试验表明:不同地域的6种标准土壤对15种目标物... 相似文献