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141.
Emilie-Jane Ens Peter Cooke Ray Nadjamerrek Seraine Namundja Victor Garlngarr Dean Yibarbuk 《Environmental management》2010,45(4):751-758
Aboriginal land managers have observed that feral Asian water buffalo (Bubalis bubalis Lydekker) are threatening the ecological and cultural integrity of perennial freshwater sources in Arnhem Land, Australia.
Here we present collaborative research between the Aboriginal Rangers from Warddeken Land Management Limited and Western scientists
which quantified the ground-level impacts of buffalo on seven perennial freshwater springs of the Arnhem Plateau. A secondary
aim was to build the capacity of Aboriginal Rangers to self-monitor and evaluate the ecological outcomes of their land management
activities. Sites with high buffalo abundance had significantly different ground, ground cover, and water quality attributes
compared to sites with low buffalo abundance. The low buffalo abundance sites were characterized by tall herbaceous vegetation
and flat ground, whereas wallows, bare ground, and short ungrazed grasses were indicators of sites with high buffalo abundance.
Water turbidity was greater when buffalo abundance was high. The newly acquired monitoring skills and derived indicators of
buffalo damage will be used by Aboriginal Rangers to assess the ecological outcomes of their future buffalo control efforts
on the Arnhem Plateau. 相似文献
142.
Phosphorus forms and chemistry in the soil profile under long-term conservation tillage: a phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In many regions, conservation tillage has replaced conventional tilling practices to reduce soil erosion, improve water conservation, and increase soil organic matter. However, tillage can have marked effects on soil properties, specifically nutrient redistribution or stratification in the soil profile. The objective of this research was to examine soil phosphorus (P) forms and concentrations in a long-term study comparing conservation tillage (direct drilling, "No Till") and conventional tillage (moldboard plowing to 20 cm depth, "Till") established on a fine sandy loam (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol) in Prince Edward Island, Canada. No significant differences in total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), total P, or total organic P concentrations were detected between the tillage systems at any depth in the 0- to 60-cm depth range analyzed. However, analysis with phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed differences in P forms in the plow layer. In particular, the concentration of orthophosphate was significantly higher under No Till than Till at 5 to 10 cm, but the reverse was true at 10 to 20 cm. Mehlich 3-extractable P was also significantly higher in No Till at 5 to 10 cm and significantly higher in Till at 20 to 30 cm. This P stratification appears to be caused by a lack of mixing of applied fertilizer in No Till because the same trends were observed for pH and Mehlich 3-extractable Ca (significantly higher in the Till treatment at 20 to 30 cm), reflecting mixing of applied lime. The P saturation ratio was significantly higher under No Till at 0 to 5 cm and exceeded the recommended limits, suggesting that P stratification under No Till had increased the potential for P loss in runoff from these sites. 相似文献
143.
Ninon F. V. Meyer Niko Balkenhol Trishna Dutta Maarten Hofman Jean-Yves Meyer Euan G. Ritchie Charlotte Alley Chad Beranek Cassandra K. Bugir Alex Callen Simon Clulow Michael V. Cove Kaya Klop-Toker Omar R. Lopez Michael Mahony Robert Scanlon Sandeep Sharma Elen Shute Rose Upton Emy Guilbault Andrea S. Griffin Edwin Hernández Pérez Lachlan G. Howell John-Paul King Dean Lenga Patrick O Donoghue Matt W. Hayward 《Conservation biology》2021,35(1):369-372
144.
145.
A typology of time‐scale mismatches and behavioral interventions to diagnose and solve conservation problems
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Robyn S. Wilson David J. Hardisty Rebecca S. Epanchin‐Niell Michael C. Runge Kathryn L. Cottingham Dean L. Urban Lynn A. Maguire Alan Hastings Peter J. Mumby Debra P.C. Peters 《Conservation biology》2016,30(1):42-49
Ecological systems often operate on time scales significantly longer or shorter than the time scales typical of human decision making, which causes substantial difficulty for conservation and management in socioecological systems. For example, invasive species may move faster than humans can diagnose problems and initiate solutions, and climate systems may exhibit long‐term inertia and short‐term fluctuations that obscure learning about the efficacy of management efforts in many ecological systems. We adopted a management‐decision framework that distinguishes decision makers within public institutions from individual actors within the social system, calls attention to the ways socioecological systems respond to decision makers’ actions, and notes institutional learning that accrues from observing these responses. We used this framework, along with insights from bedeviling conservation problems, to create a typology that identifies problematic time‐scale mismatches occurring between individual decision makers in public institutions and between individual actors in the social or ecological system. We also considered solutions that involve modifying human perception and behavior at the individual level as a means of resolving these problematic mismatches. The potential solutions are derived from the behavioral economics and psychology literature on temporal challenges in decision making, such as the human tendency to discount future outcomes at irrationally high rates. These solutions range from framing environmental decisions to enhance the salience of long‐term consequences, to using structured decision processes that make time scales of actions and consequences more explicit, to structural solutions aimed at altering the consequences of short‐sighted behavior to make it less appealing. Additional application of these tools and long‐term evaluation measures that assess not just behavioral changes but also associated changes in ecological systems are needed. 相似文献
146.
The metal content was determined in soils from a former, historic, contaminated land site and now a ‘green’ public open space
in N.E. England. Using a systematic sampling grid approach, 32 soil samples were taken from locations across the site and
analyzed for six potentially toxic elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Initially, the pseudo-total metal content of the
soils was determined using acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. This data was
evaluated against published soil guideline value (SGV) and generic assessment criteria (GAC) values; it was found that 21%
(i.e., 41 samples) exceeded the stated lower values. The data was then compared to the oral bioaccessibility of the soils,
which was assessed by an in-vitro gastrointestinal extraction procedure. The results, determined as the % BAF, indicated that
overall bioaccessibility was low (<10% BAF) for all the elements studied; the exception was Cd. Given that SGV/GAC values
are based on generic land-use categories and not a public open space, as investigated in this work, further work is recommended
on developing a qualitative risk assessment at the site to estimate the risks posed to human health via the direct and indirect
soil ingestion pathway. 相似文献
147.
Lo Chen-Chen Liu Wen-Te Lu Yueh-Hsun Wu Dean Wu Chih-Da Chen Ting-Chieh Fang Yu-Ting Lo Yu-Chun Chen You-Yin Kang Lo Tsai Cheng-Yu Lee Yueh-Lun Chuang Kai-Jen Ho Kin-Fai Chang Ta-Yuan Chuang Hsiao-Chi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(35):52355-52366
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The effects of air pollution on sleep and dementia remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of air pollution on... 相似文献
148.
The approach to management and execution of remediation projects has changed drastically over the past decade, as remedial project managers have begun to understand and accept the numerous environmental regulations developed in the mid-1980s. For example, the adversarial relationship that once existed between regulators and owners has become more cooperative. This article documents trends over time in remediation project practices and quantifies the impact these trends have had on the cost and schedule performance of projects. Proven successful practices are highlighted, and those with the potential for improving project performance further are also discussed. 相似文献
149.
Understanding how private landholders make deforestation decisions is of paramount importance for conservation. Behavioural frameworks from the social sciences have a lot to offer researchers and practitioners, yet these insights remain underutilised in describing what drives landholders’ deforestation intentions under important political, social, and management contexts. Using survey data of private landholders in Queensland, Australia, we compare the ability of two popular behavioural models to predict future deforestation intentions, and propose a more integrated behavioural model of deforestation intentions. We found that the integrated model outperformed other models, revealing the importance of threat perceptions, attitudes, and social norms for predicting landholders’ deforestation intentions. Social capital, policy uncertainty, and years of experience are important contextual moderators of these psychological factors. We conclude with recommendations for promoting behaviour change in this deforestation hotspot and highlight how others can adopt similar approaches to illuminate more proximate drivers of environmental behaviours in other contexts.Supplementary informationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01491-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
150.