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51.
Deepak Pudasainee Balkrishna Sapkota Manohar Lal Shrestha Akikazu Kaga Akira Kondo Yoshio Inoue 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2006,40(40):8081-8087
This paper summarizes the results of a yearlong continuous measurements of gaseous pollutants, NO, NO2, NOx and O3 in the ambient air at Kathmandu valley. Measured concentration of the pollutants in study area is a function of time. NO, NO2 and O3 peak occurred in succession in presence of sunlight. At the time of maximum O3 concentration most of the NOx are utilized. The diurnal cycle of ground level ozone concentrations, revealed mid-day peak with lower nocturnal concentrations and inverse relationship exists between O3 and NOx, which are evidences of photochemical O3 formation. The observed ground level ozone during monsoon is slight lower than the pre-monsoon value. Further, lack of rainfall and higher temperature, solar radiation in the pre-monsoon have given rise to the gradual build up of ozone and it is lowest during winter. Ground level ozone concentrations measured during bandha (general strike) and weekend are 19% and 13% higher than those measured during weekdays. The most effective ozone abatement strategy for Kathmandu Valley may be control of NOx emissions. 相似文献
52.
Supriyanka Rana Puranjan Mishra Zularisam ab Wahid Sueta Thakur Deepak Pant Lakhveer Singh 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(3):47-64
In an era of electronics,recovering the precious metal such as gold from ever increasing piles of electronic-wastes and metal-ion infested soil has become one of the prime concerns for researchers worldwide.Biological mining is an attractive,economical and nonhazardous to recover gold from the low-grade auriferous ore containing waste or soil.This review represents the recent major biological gold retrieval methods used to bio-mine gold.The biomining methods discussed in this review include,biol... 相似文献
53.
V. K. Gupta Deepak Pathania Shilpi Agarwal Shikha Sharma 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2632-2644
The utilization of sustainable and biodegradable lignocellulosic fiber to detoxify the noxious Cr(VI) from wastewater is considered a versatile approach to clean up a contaminated aquatic environment. The aim of the present research is to assess the proficiency and mechanism of biosorption on Ficus carica bast fiber via isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Harkin’s–Jura, and Dubinin–Radushkevich), kinetic models, and thermodynamic parameters. The biomass extracted from fig plant was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. To optimize the maximum removal efficiency, different parameters like effect of initial concentration, effect of temperature, pH, and contact time were studied by batch method. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) onto biosorbent was found to be 19.68 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model adequately described the kinetic data. The calculated values of thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (?H 0), entropy change (?S 0), and free energy change (?G 0) were 21.55 kJ/mol, 76.24 J/mol?K, and ?1.55 kJ/mol, respectively, at 30 °C which accounted for spontaneous and endothermic processes. The study of adsorbent capacity for Cr(VI) removal in the presence of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO 4 2? , HCO 3 ? and Cl? illustrated that the removal of Cr(VI) increased in the presence of HCO3? ions; the presence of Na+, SO 4 2? or Cl? showed no significant influence on Cr(VI) adsorption, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions led to an insignificant decrease in Cr(VI) adsorption. Further, the desorption studies illustrated that 31.10 % of metal ions can be removed from an aqueous system, out of which 26.63 % of metal ions can be recovered by desorption in first cycle and the adsorbent can be reused. The results of the scale-up study show that the ecofriendly detoxification of Cr(VI) from aqueous systems was technologically feasible. 相似文献
54.
Pant D 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(7):4449-4453
Small hospitals are the grassroots for the big hospital structures, so proper waste management practices require to be initiated from there. Small hospitals contribute a lot in the health care facilities, but due to their poor waste management practices, they pose serious biomedical waste pollution. A survey was conducted with 13 focus questions collected from the 100 hospital present in Dehradun. Greater value of per day per bed waste was found among the small hospitals (178 g compared with 114 g in big hospitals), indicating unskilled waste management practices. Small hospitals do not follow the proper way for taking care of segregation of waste generated in the hospital, and most biomedical wastes were collected without segregation into infectious and noninfectious categories. 相似文献
55.
In this article we compared the response of surface water runoff to a storm event for different rates of urbanization, reforestation
and riparian buffer setbacks across forty subwatersheds of the Muskegon River Watershed located in Michigan, USA. We also
made these comparisons for several forecasted and one historical land use scenarios (over 140 years). Future land use scenarios
to 2040 for forest regrowth, urbanization rates and stream setbacks were developed using the Land Transformation Model (LTM).
Historical land use information, from 1900 at 5-year time step intervals, was created using a Backcast land use change model
configured using artificial neural network and driven by agriculture and housing census information. We show that (1) controlling
the rate of development is the most effective policy option to reduce runoff; (2) establishing setbacks along the mainstem
are not as effective as controlling urban growth; (3) reforestation can abate some of the runoff effects from urban growth
but not all; (4) land use patterns of the 1970s produced the least amount of runoff in most cases in the Muskegon River Watershed
when compared to land use maps from 1900 to 2040; and, (5) future land use patterns here not always lead to increased (worse)
runoff than the past. We found that while ten of the subwatersheds contained futures that were worse than any past land use
configuration, twenty-five (62.5%) of the subwatersheds produced the greatest amount of runoff in 1900, shortly after the
entire watershed was clear-cut. One third (14/40) of the subwatersheds contained the minimum amount of runoff in the 1960s
and 1970s, a period when forest amounts were greatest and urban amounts relatively small. 相似文献
56.
Singh Deepak Singh Sunita Patel Suresh Kumar Sinha Shishir Arya Raj Kumar Singh Dhananjay 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8416-8428
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Food materials are consumed for nutritional purposes in the form of fruits, vegetables, plants, and meat. These contain proteins, carbohydrates, and... 相似文献
57.
Chawla Kanhaiya Yadav Deepak Kumar Bajpai Abhinav Kumar Sushant Lal Chhagan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(4):3872-3879
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The high de-/hydrogenation temperature of magnesium hydride is still a challenge in solid-state hydrogen storage system for automobiles applications.... 相似文献
58.
Deepak Sodhi Martin A. Abraham Jack C. Summers 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):352-356
Oxidation of formaldehyde over supported platinum catalyst produced CO2 as a major product and CO as a minor product under a wide range of Inlet concentrations and reaction temperatures. The temporal variation of CO yield proceeded through a maximum suggesting that it was produced as an intermediate in the pathway leading to CO2. CO selectivity (S co = y co/x HCHO) was maximized by operating at oxygen concentration below the stoichiometric point and at high reaction temperatures. A mechanism for formaldehyde oxidation is proposed which involves adsorption of formaldehyde followed by catalytic decomposition to CO and H2 and oxidation of the surface species; the rate limiting step apparently shifts from the decomposition at high oxygen concentration to the oxidation of surface species at low concentration. The rate expression was obtained from the postulated mechanism and found to be consistent with the experimental results. The maximum for the yield of CO provided a second method by which to confirm the postulated rate expression. 相似文献
59.
In view of the present increasing trends of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) throughout the world, the present study was aimed at investigating the long-term influence of elevated concentrations of CO2 and SO2, singly and in combination on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Malviya 234 and HP1209). For this purpose, the plants were grown in open top chambers under field conditions and were fumigated with 600 ppm CO2, 0.06 ppm SO2 and 600 ppm CO2 + 0.06 ppm SO2 separately for 8 h daily (0800-1600 h) from germination to grain maturity. The individual treatment of SO2 advers#ely affected both the cultivars of wheat by reducing protein and starch contents. The respiration rate, total soluble sugars and total phenolics, however, increased in response to SO2. Stimulation of photosynthesis rate and reduction in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were observed under CO2 treatment. Concentrations of total soluble sugars, starch and total phenolics increased in response to CO2 and CO2 + SO2 treatments. In combined treatment, CO2 modified the plant response to SO2 in both the cultivars. Elevated CO2 increased the photosynthesis rate under combined treatment. Higher levels of starch and soluble sugars under combined treatment provided extra carbon for SO2 detoxification. The pattern of intraspecific response of wheat to different treatments was more or less similar, but the magnitude of response differed significantly. 相似文献
60.
Deepak Srivastava 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(1):27-33
Six film samples of low-density polypropylene (LDPE)/linear LDPE (LLDPE)/high-density polypropylene (HDPE) with varying ratios of LDPE (20–45 ... wt%) and LLDPE (25–50 wt%) having a fixed amount of HDPE at 30 wt% were prepared by blown film extrusion technique. The samples were aged at four different temperatures, 55°, 70°, 85°, and 100°C, for four different time periods in the interval of between 150 hours and up to 600 hours. The change in the structure of various constituents and the formation of various oxygenated (peroxy and hydroperoxy) and unsaturated groups during thermo-oxidative degradation was discussed by infrared spectroscopy. The visiosity-average molecular weight was found to have decreased slowly in the initial aging hours and temperatures, whereas it decreased by 10% with its previous value tensile strength that is, 100°C when aged for 600 hours. The tensile strength of the sample first increased by 67% at 55°C and 89% at 70°C up to 450 hours, whereas the values increased by 52.5% at 85°C and 33.9% at 100°C when aged for 150 hours and then decreased. The percentage elongation at break increased by 2.7% at 55°C and 10.7% at 70°C for 150 and 300 hours of aging, respectively, whereas the percentage decreased when aged at 85°C and 100°C for up to 600 hours of aging. The values of gel content (percent) increased and initial degradation temperature decreased with aging time and temperature. 相似文献