电场与MnxCey催化剂在苯氧化反应中的协同效应及机理探究

挥发性有机物（VOCs）大量排放已成为日益严重的环境问题,为了实现VOCs的高效去除,本文采用自蔓延燃烧合成法制备了一系列锰铈复合氧化物催化剂,将稳恒直流电场引入典型VOCs气体苯的催化氧化过程,并基于不同电场条件下催化剂的理化性质表征结果进行机理分析.实验结果表明,Mn_xCe_y催化剂对含苯废气的去除有良好的效果,稳恒直流电场显著促进了催化剂的活性,其中Mn₁Ce₃的催化性能最佳,电流为5 mA时,Mn₁Ce₃催化剂在155℃可达到50%的苯转化率,在202.4℃可达到90%的苯转化率,对应的转化温度T₅₀和T₉₀比传统方法分别降低了62.4℃和48.3℃,且电场中的反应活化能由52.32 kJ·mol^-1降低至32.31 kJ·mol^-1.根据实验现象及表征结果,发现协同效应与活性位点的快速持续再生及活性氧物种的转化有关,由此提出苯在Mn_xCe_y催化剂上的氧化机理及电场协同催化的反应模型.     

Nitric oxide emission from a typical vegetable field in the Pearl River Delta, China

Croplands contribute to atmospheric nitric oxide (NO), but very limited data are available about NO fluxes from intensively managed croplands in China. In this study, NO fluxes were measured in a typical vegetable field planted with flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee), which is the most widely cultivated vegetable in Guangdong province, south China. NO emission drastically increased after nitrogen fertilizer application, and other practices involving loosening the soil also enhanced NO emission. Mean NO emission flux was 47.5 ng N m⁻² s^–1 over a complete growth cycle. Annual NO emission from the vegetable field was about 10.1 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Fertilizer-induced NO emission factor was estimated to be 2.4%. Total NO emission from vegetable fields in Guangdong province was roughly estimated to be 11.7 Gg N yr⁻¹ based on the vegetable field area and annual NO emission rate, and to be 13.3 Gg N yr⁻¹ based on fertilizer-induced NO emission factor and background NO emission. This means that NO emission from vegetable fields was approximately 6% of NO_x from commercial energy consumption in Guangdong province.     

套箍法加固RC偏压柱承载力计算方法研究

为研究套箍法加固RC偏压柱的承载力实用计算方法,利用29根加固柱的试验资料,对《混凝土结构加固设计规范》GB 50367—2013和GB 50367—2006的承载力计算方法进行了研究,将试件承载力计算值与实测值进行对比发现,两部规范的承载力计算结果比较接近,计算结果的整体准确性都不够好、偏于不安全,尤其对大偏压柱的承载力计算较为不安全。根据加固柱的受力破坏特性,定义了3种破坏极限状态,基于3种极限状态下的截面应变分布分析,建立了加固柱的承载力计算公式,验证表明,该公式的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,且偏于安全。     

臭氧气泡大小对分散染料废水氧化处理效果的影响

采用臭氧氧化法处理实际分散染料废水,研究了初始pH、臭氧投加量、反应时间、臭氧气泡大小(气体洗瓶和自制的砂芯鼓泡反应柱分别作反应器)对处理效果的影响,采用动态显微高速摄影仪对反应器内的臭氧气泡进行了表征.结果表明,反应体系的初始pH、臭氧投加量越高,反应速率越快,染料废水的脱色及矿化效果越好;染料废水的臭氧氧化处理过程符合拟二级动力学方程;自制的砂芯鼓泡反应柱改善了臭氧分散效果,缩小了气泡直径,提高了臭氧传质速率和效率,强化了臭氧氧化能力.     

Treatment of phosphorus waste water using crystallization method

Phosphorus is the restrictive factor of water eutrophication and phosphorus removal is the key point to control this phenomenon. It's also important to recover phosphorus resource from wastewater. Crystallization method was used to treat and recycle high concentration phosphorus wastewater, the selection of organic solvent, influence of volume ratio of organic solvent and wastewater, precipitation time and stirring speed on the production of crystal and its structure was investigated. Experimental results indicate that, with ethanol as extractant, under the condition of volume ratio of ethanol to wastewater being 1.5:1 and stirring speed about 200 r/min, crystal precipitated fast with fine crystal shape and purity, phosphorus removal efficiency more than 85% was obtained.     

聚合磷硫酸铁粉体的制备

以硫酸法生产钛白粉的副产品——七水硫酸亚铁为原料,采用复合氧化剂合成聚合磷硫酸铁粉体,探讨了合成聚合磷硫酸铁的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,使用复合氧化剂,并用焦磷酸钠代替磷酸钠,既缩短反应时间,又减少了氧化剂用量,产品的碱化度较高。     

城市降雨径流污染模拟的水质参数局部灵敏度分析

在城市降雨径流污染模拟研究中,参数灵敏度分析是进行模型率定和验证的必要研究环节,同时也是理解非点源污染产生和变化过程及进行城市降雨径流污染管理的重要参考.运用修正的摩尔斯分类筛选法(Morris screening method)对暴雨管理模型(Storm Water Management Model,简称SWMM)的水质参数进行局部灵敏度分析.研究结果显示,占区域比例较大的不透水地表的累积和冲刷参数灵敏度较高;在强降雨过程中,降雨中污染物浓度的灵敏度较高.研究表明,对占区域比例较大的不透水地表的累积和冲刷参数进行仔细识别,对于非点源污染模型的验证具有重要意义;强降雨时雨水本底浓度的测量误差会影响降雨径流污染模拟的准确度.     

铁盐在炼油污水处理中的作用

探讨了炼油污水处理过程中铁盐的作用。铁盐与污水中的S~(2-)生成硫化铁，与生化处理配合形成生物铁法，可使污水处理场耐冲击，处理能力增强。     

同步法脱氮技术可行性探讨

针对没有脱氮设施的老式污水处理场，在不增加设施的前提下，在好氧池中同时进行硝化和反硝化反应的脱氮技术进行了探讨。提出同步法脱氮的观点，对其可行性进行试验论证。     

炼油污水处理场常见故障及处理

对炼油污水处理场的一般常见故障进行分析、讨论，提出改进意见和随机处理手段。对污水处理场的生产技术管理及污水处理场设计、改造提出见解