Worldwide effects of non-native species on species–area relationships

Non-native species have invaded most parts of the world, and the invasion process is expected to continue and accelerate. Because many invading non-native species are likely to become permanent inhabitants, future consideration of species-area relationships (SARs) should account for non-native species, either separately or jointly with native species. If non-native species occupy unused niches and space in invaded areas and extinction rate of native species remains low (especially for plants), the resultant SARs (with both native and non-native species) will likely be stronger. We used published and newly compiled data (35 data sets worldwide) to examine how species invasions affect SARs across selected taxonomic groups and diverse ecosystems around the world. We first examined the SARs for native, non-native, and all species. We then investigated with linear regression analyses and paired or unpaired t tests how degree of invasion (proportion of non-native species) affected postinvasion SARs. Postinvasion SARs for all species (native plus non-native) became significantly stronger as degree of invasion increased (r² = 0.31, p = 0.0006), thus, reshaping SARs worldwide. Overall, native species still showed stronger and less variable SARs. Also, slopes for native species were steeper than for non-native species (0.298 vs. 0.153). There were some differences among non-native taxonomic groups in filling new niches (especially for birds) and between islands and mainland ecosystems. We also found evidence that invasions may increase equilibrial diversity. Study of such changing species–area curves may help determine the probability of future invasions and have practical implications for conservation.     

零价金属还原技术处理氯代有机物的研究进展

氯代有机化合物是一类常见的环境污染物,由于其水溶解度低,生物反应活性低,用常规的物化及生物处理方法难以将其去除.零价金属还原技术是近几年发展起来的环境污染物治理技术,是很有应用前景的一种非生物降解技术,文章阐述了零价金属还原技术在还原降解氯代有机物方面的应用,包括氯代烷烃、氯代烯烃、氯代芳香族化合物以及有机氯农药等,并提出了该技术存在的一些值得思考的问题,探讨了零价金属还原技术的发展方向.     

一株好氧反硝化细菌的鉴定及其在废水处理中的应用

从武汉市郊稻田土壤中分离得到一株好氧反硝化细菌HS-03,对其反硝化能力进行了研究.结果表明:细菌HS-03在好氧条件下能有效去除人工废水中的NO3-(10mmol/L),去除率达90%以上,并且在反应过程中没有NO2-的积累.菌株HS-03与Pseudomonasstutzeri的16SrDNA序列具有99.1%的相似性.对该菌株的16SrDNA序列以及生理生化特征分析表明,细菌HS-03是P.stutzeri的一个新分离种.实验采用ClastalW和PHYLIP程序对该菌株与报道菌进行了系统发育进化分析.图5表2参14     

超声预处理剩余污泥水解试验研究

通过改变超声时间、超声密度和水解时间,研究污泥厌氧水解过程中SCOD,NH3-N和TP释放量,最终确定最佳的剩余污泥预处理条件和水解时间。得到的试验结果如下:当剩余污泥超声预处理频率为20~25 k Hz,超声密度为1.6 W/m L,超声时间为15 min,污泥水解1 h时,污泥的释放达到最佳,此时SCOD溶出率高达45.55%,而NH3-N和TP释放量较低,该预处理条件下获得的污泥水解上清液为污水厂提供了有利的补充碳源。     

LCA中清单分析数据的获得

清单分析是ＬＣＡ继目标界定后的一步重要操作,工业量极大,本文从我国具体情况出发,开发了一套获取产品ＬＣＡ清单数据的方法,介绍了通过行业污染系数获取产品的社会数据以及借助企业生产的质量流程图收集和检验企业数据的具体步骤。     

工业发展的新模式——无废工艺

本文根据工业本身的功能从工业生产和环境关系的角度考察了自产业革命以来工业发展的三种模式。指出采用无废工艺乃是工业发展的最新模式,是谋求合理利用自然资源和有效保护环境的根本措施。介绍了无废工艺概念的形成和发展,举例论述了其实施的主要途径。     

Association of spinal deformities with heavy metal bioaccumulation in natural populations of grass goby, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus Pallas, 1811 from the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia)

The present study illustrates an analysis of spinal deformities associated with metal accumulation in natural populations of Zosterisessor ophiocephalus derived from polluted (S1) and unpolluted (S2) areas in the Gulf of Gabès in Tunisia. Three basic types of spinal deformities were detected: kyphosis, scoliosis and lordosis. These basic deformities frequently co-occur. Spinal deformities were observed in 10.72% of the total examined fish (n = 494). Deformed fish were 3.85 times more frequent in S1 than in S2. In both sexes, the highest occurrence of deformities was observed in the 111-120 mm class decreasing thereafter with fish length. Hepatic concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were significantly higher in Z. ophiocephalus from S1 than those from S2. Comparisons between fish in each site showed that liver concentrations of Cd and Zn were significantly higher in deformed fish than in normal fish. The relationship between metals accumulation and observed spinal deformities as well as the suitability of this kind of studies for environmental monitoring are discussed.     

Developing an anaerobic digester with external Zeolite filled column for enhancing methane production from swine manure – A feasibility study

ABSTRACT

Development of digesters with an external zeolite column facilitates the convenient removal of the zeolite with TAN, without disturbing the continuous anaerobic digestion process. A digester with an inside zeolite bed (In-Zeo) and digester without adding zeolite (No-Zeo) were employed to compare the process performance with digester with external zeolite column (EX-Zeo). The cumulative, CH₄ yields were 5% and 15% greater in the EX-Zeo, and the In-Zeo digesters respectively compared to the No-Zeo digesters. Also, the % VS reduction was 49%, 55% and 41%, respectively in the Ex-Zeo, In-Zeo and No-Zeo digesters. The results indicated that treatment with 7% zeolite during anaerobic digestion has the potential to improve biodegradation of swine manure. The addition of zeolite appeared to reduce TAN from the digestate, thereby enhancing the CH₄ yield. Zeolite could be used either internally or externally to enhance CH₄ production through anaerobic digestion of swine manure.     

聚苯胺对铬(Ⅵ)离子的吸附性能研究

以聚苯胺为吸附剂,静态吸附六价铬离子。聚苯胺采用氧化法在常温下合成,用XRD和紫外可见分光光度计进行表征。实验研究了不同条件下（溶液浓度、吸附时间和pH）对吸附性能的影响。静态吸附实验得出聚苯胺对六价铬离子吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和二级动力学模型。在20℃、溶液pH值为3时单分子层最大吸附能力为198．41mg／g。并根据实验计算出吸附过程的热力学参数△H°、△5°和AG°。通过研究得出聚苯胺可以用作吸附剂去除废水中的六价铬离子。     

论现代设计材料与环境的和谐

论述了艺术设计的思维方式、新材料的具体运用以及如何使新材料的设计与环境达到和谐统一.这种统一是人文与自然的统一,是现代艺术设计新材料与自然环境的高度和谐.