水性聚氨酯合成与性能表征

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚丙二醇(PPG-1000)为主要原料,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水扩链剂,一缩二乙二醇(DEG)为小分子扩链剂,三乙胺(TEA)为中和剂,合成水性聚氨酯(WPU)溶液。研究了异氰酸根与羟值(NCO/OH)摩尔比、中和度等因素对WPU溶液黏度性能的影响。初步获得水性聚氨酯压制剂的制备工艺,即:NCO/OH投料比0.80～1.0,中和度100%,初聚温度60℃,预聚75℃,预聚时间3h,扩链1.5h,按照此配比及工艺制备的水性聚氨酯溶液稳定性能较好。     

高效氯氰菊酯急性暴露中斑马鱼相关酶活性和基因表达变化

高效氯氰菊酯广泛地应用于农业生产及日常生活中的害虫防治,但对水生生物却毒性极高。为探究高效氯氰菊酯对斑马鱼的急性毒性,以总超氧化物歧化酶(总SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)活性以及相关的基因表达量变化为检测指标,研究其对斑马鱼成鱼的影响。急性毒性试验结果显示,高效氯氰菊酯对斑马鱼属剧毒物质,斑马鱼的急性中毒症状为身体蜷曲、抽搐,鳃盖扇动加快,游动能力减弱,间歇性出现无规律急速游动和撞壁行为。酶活测定结果显示,斑马鱼组织中总SOD、CAT和ACh E活性与高效氯氰菊酯呈现低浓度诱导、高浓度抑制的剂量效应关系;相关基因表达量的检测结果显示,高效氯氰菊酯会诱导斑马鱼肝脏、肠和脑中Sod1、Cat以及Ache的m RNA表达上调。研究表明,高效氯氰菊酯的神经毒性和氧化损伤共同造成了斑马鱼的中毒甚至死亡。     

利用硫酸渣生产铁精粉的新工艺研究

实验了一种新的工艺来处理硫酸渣,该方法能很好地脱除烧渣中的硫并富集其中的铁,解决了硫酸渣脱硫难的问题。经过处理后可以将其开发为有用的铁精粉作为炼铁原料或者是生产其他铁系产品,实现了废物的资源综合利用。     

聚苯胺对铬(Ⅵ)离子的吸附性能研究

以聚苯胺为吸附剂,静态吸附六价铬离子。聚苯胺采用氧化法在常温下合成,用XRD和紫外可见分光光度计进行表征。实验研究了不同条件下（溶液浓度、吸附时间和pH）对吸附性能的影响。静态吸附实验得出聚苯胺对六价铬离子吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和二级动力学模型。在20℃、溶液pH值为3时单分子层最大吸附能力为198．41mg／g。并根据实验计算出吸附过程的热力学参数△H°、△5°和AG°。通过研究得出聚苯胺可以用作吸附剂去除废水中的六价铬离子。     

Developing an anaerobic digester with external Zeolite filled column for enhancing methane production from swine manure – A feasibility study

ABSTRACT

Development of digesters with an external zeolite column facilitates the convenient removal of the zeolite with TAN, without disturbing the continuous anaerobic digestion process. A digester with an inside zeolite bed (In-Zeo) and digester without adding zeolite (No-Zeo) were employed to compare the process performance with digester with external zeolite column (EX-Zeo). The cumulative, CH₄ yields were 5% and 15% greater in the EX-Zeo, and the In-Zeo digesters respectively compared to the No-Zeo digesters. Also, the % VS reduction was 49%, 55% and 41%, respectively in the Ex-Zeo, In-Zeo and No-Zeo digesters. The results indicated that treatment with 7% zeolite during anaerobic digestion has the potential to improve biodegradation of swine manure. The addition of zeolite appeared to reduce TAN from the digestate, thereby enhancing the CH₄ yield. Zeolite could be used either internally or externally to enhance CH₄ production through anaerobic digestion of swine manure.     

平板膜生物反应器中临界通量问题研究

通过小试试验,探讨了平板膜生物反应器中临界通量问题。在试验中发现,平板膜生物反应器运行过程中,存在临界通量值,本试验中污泥质量浓度为10 g/L,临界通量值为4.86×10-6m/s;在该通量值以下运行时,膜污染速度比较缓慢,在该通量值以上运行时,膜污染比较迅速。通过对膜运行过程阻力的分析发现,随着通量的提高,内部污染阻力增加速度大于膜泥饼污染阻力增加速度。膜片在恒流下运行一段时间后,压力会突然上升,其主要原因是由于膜面泥饼的聚集。     

甲胺磷农药降解菌HS-A32的分离鉴定及降解特性

从长期受有机磷农药污染的土壤中分离到一株降解菌HS-A32,能以甲胺磷作为唯一的碳源和氮源生长.HS-A32菌降解甲胺磷的最适温度为30℃,最适pH值为7.0,甲胺磷的最适降解浓度为1 000 mg/L,降解率达82%.聚酰胺薄层色谱(TLC)可检测到降解产物中有NH4 生成.HS-A32菌能以多种碳、氮源生长,外加可利用的碳源和氮源能促进甲胺磷的降解.通过16S rDNA扩增、测序,运用BLAST检索分析,构建系统进化树.结合生理生化鉴定,初步确定HS-A32为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter).HS-A32菌还能降解甲基对硫磷等多种有机磷农药.图6表1参14     

关于确定大气混合层高度的几种方法

本文阐述了大气混合层高度研究在环境保护中的作用，论述了大气混合层高度确定的几种方法，分析了各种方法的特点及应用前景，同时也讨论了目前在我国大气混合层高度研究中提出的一些新方法。     

建立健全安全生产责任体系 切实落实安全责任

论述了在安全生产活动中认真落实责任制的重要意义,结合在实行安全生产责任制实践中的经验,对建立健全安全生产责任制的方式和方法以及落实安全生产责任制的各项措施进行了详细认真的探讨和总结.     

Kinetics and mechanisms of p-nitrophenol biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS-D38

The kinetics and mecswithhanisms of p-nitrophenol (PNP) biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS-D38 were investigated. PNP could be used by HS-D38 strain as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy sources, and PNP was mineralized at the maximum concentration of 500 mg/L within 24 h in an mineral salt medium (MSM). The analytical results indicated that the biodegradation of PNP fit the first order kinetics model. The rate constant k_PNP is 2.039 × 10⁻²/h in MSM medium, K_PNP+N is 3.603 × 10⁻²/h with the addition of ammonium chloride and K_PNP+C is 9.74 × 10⁻³/h with additional glucose. The addition of ammonium chloride increased the degradation of PNP. On the contrary, the addition of glucose inhibited and delayed the biodegradation of PNP. Chemical analysis results by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UV-Vis spectroscopy and gas chromatography (GC) techniques suggested that PNP was converted to hydroquinone (HQ) and further degraded via 1,2,4-benzenetriol (1,2,4-BT) pathway.