略论自然资源的价值

本文首先论述了自然资源的含义,并系统归纳和总结了自然资源的主要特点;在此基础上,作者重点对自然资源的价值进行了讨论,明确了自然资源的价值包括经济价值、社会价值和生态价值,其表现形式是自然资源的商品价值和服务价值。科学地认识自然资源的“商品价值”和“服务价值”的统一,全面发挥自然资源的整体功能和作用,是科学保护和利用自然资源的基础。对自然资源进行科学估价,从而制定科学的利用和保护法律和策略,是我们在自然资源可持续管理时面临的十分重要的课题。     

人工湿地净化滇池入湖河道污水的示范工程研究

采用复合型人工湿地示范工程系统进行净化处理滇池入湖河道污水的研究,结果表明该系统对处理滇池入湖河道污水具有良好的适用性。在系统正常运行状态下,其对所处理河道污水中CODMn、BOD5、TN、TP的去除率分别最高可达6 7%、74 %、83%、6 5 %。     

新型高效全自动中水过滤塔

介绍了一种新型高效中水处理设备——全自动中水过滤塔,它在中水过滤材料、清污方式、消毒手段以及自动控制和易用性等方面有独特的创新性。     

夏季潮滩对上海老港垃圾填埋场渗滤液氮、磷净化效果研究

垃圾填埋产生的渗滤液造成的环境污染问题El益严重。采用自然湿地对垃圾渗滤液净化有诸多优点,而相关的研究较少。根据渗滤液的不同浓度和不同滞留时间的净化效果不同,采用实验室模拟和培养的方法来研究老港垃圾填埋场附近潮滩对垃圾渗滤液营养盐N、P的净化效果。研究发现：夏季老港中、低潮滩在较短滞留时间（6h）内对各浓度渗滤液中N、P的净化效果不明显,而在较长滞留时间内（96h）中、低潮滩对各浓度渗滤液净化效果明显,净化后污水中N、P含量可达到排放标准;垃圾渗滤液质量分数为5％时,潮滩对N、P的净化效果最为明显。     

湖泊营养状态的Hamming贴近度评价法

本文用线性内插构造湖泊富营养化评价参数的隶属函数,在此基础上应用Ham-ming 贴近度评价湖泊的营养状态。该方法用于全国23个湖泊的实例分析,并与其它营养化评价法的评价结果比较表明该方法评价结果合乎实际,隶属函数设计简单,计算方便,具有可比性。      

Spatiotemporal distribution and the characteristics of the air temperature of a river source region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

As the backland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the river source region is highly sensitive to changes in global climate. Air temperature estimation using remote sensing satellite provides a new way of conducting studies in the field of climate change study. A geographically weighted regression model was applied to estimate synchronic air temperature from 2001 to 2015 using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometry (MODIS) data. The results were R²?=?0.913 and RMSE?=?2.47 °C, which confirmed the feasibility of the estimation. The spatial distribution and variation characteristics of the average annual and seasonal air temperature were analyzed. The findings are as follows: (1) the distribution of average annual air temperature has significant terrain characteristics. The reduction in average annual air temperature along the elevation of the region is 0.19 °C/km, whereas the reduction in the average annual air temperature along the latitude is 0.04 °C/degree. (2) The average annual air temperature increase in the region is 0.37 °C/decade. The average air temperature increase could be arranged in the following decreasing order: Yangtze River Basin > Mekong River Basin > Nujiang River Basin > Yarlung Zangbo River Basin > Yellow River Basin. The fastest, namely, Yangtze River Basin, is 0.47 °C/decade. (3) The average air temperature rise in spring, summer, and winter generally increases with higher altitude. The average annual air temperature in different types of lands following a decreasing order is as follows: wetland > construction land > bare land glacier > shrub grassland > arable land > forest land > water body and that of the fastest one, wetland, is 0.13 °C/year.     

Risk assessment and interpretation of heavy metal contaminated soils on an urban brownfield site in New York metropolitan area

In this study, soil samples were collected at 22 sites in Liberty State Park, New Jersey, in 2005, for metal enrichment and potential ecological risk assessment. The geoaccumulation index (I _geo) showed that enrichment levels of trace metals followed an order of Cu > Pb > Zn > As > Cr > Hg while the potential ecological risk factor (\( {E}_r^i \)) indicated that the potential ecological risk of the metals was in the order of Cu > Pb > As > Hg > Zn > Cr. Among these 22 sites, this investigation identified 9 sites at moderate ecological risk, 3 sites at considerable ecological risk, and 4 sites at high ecological risk according to the potential ecological risk index (RI). Hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) of soil metal concentrations separated the study sites into four groups, which are supported by the significant difference in RI values. Geographically, three regions in the Liberty State Park brownfield site were determined based on the CA results and RI values. Subarea 1 had low ecological risk while subareas 2 and 3 had a greater potential for ecological risk. Significant correlations of Pb with Cr and Zn were observed in subareas 2 and 3, respectively. This study shows that statistical approaches coupled with a risk assessment index provide a more comprehensive interpretation of land contamination than a single approach in support of planning land redevelopment.     

Synthesis of a novel humic acid-based polycarboxylic dispersant for coal water slurry

A novel humic acid-based polycarboxylic-type (HAP) dispersant for coal–water slurry (CWS) was successfully synthesized in aqueous solution from the copolymerization of HA, acrylic acid and maleic acid. The structure of HAP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) and ¹H NMR. With HAP as a dispersant for Linfen coal slurry, the effects of the mass ratio of HA and monomer, initiator concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time on the HAP dispersant performance were discussed by examining the apparent viscosity of CWS. The results showed that CWS prepared withHAP dispersant performed excellent dispersity and stability. When the dosage of HAP was up to 0.5 wt.%, the apparent viscosity of CWS was 505 mPa·s. Experiments on the stability of CWS containing 0.5 wt.% HAP demonstrated that the penetration ratio reached 85.45 % after 96 h, which was higher by 12.87 % than that of CWS prepared with HA. And the CWS produced with HAP had lower dewatering rate within the storage time, which was less 1.85 % than that of CWS with HA when the storage time was 72 h. Furthermore, the maximum coal content of CWS with 0.5 wt.% HAP may reached 70 wt.%. This work found a new route for utilizing humic acid and enlarged the selecting range of the dispersant for CWS. It has a positive significance for protection of environment.     

A multi-objective location-allocation optimization for sustainable management of municipal solid waste

The location problem of treatment and service facilities in municipal solid waste (MSW) management system is of significant importance due to the socioeconomic and environmental concerns. The consideration of waste treatment costs, environmental impact, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, social fairness as well as other relevant aspects should be simultaneously taken into account when a MSW management system is planned. Development of sophisticated decision support tools for planning MSW management system in an economic-efficient and environmental friendly manner is therefore important. In this paper, a general multi-objective location-allocation model for optimally managing the interactions among those conflicting factors in MSW management system is proposed. The model is comprised of a three-stage conceptual framework and a mixed integer mathematical programming. The inclusion of environmental impact and GHG emission objectives push the output of the model tightening toward more environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions in MSW management. The application of this model is demonstrated through an illustrative example, and the computational efficiency of the programming is also tested through a set of incremental parameters. Latter in this paper, a comparison with previous case studies of MSW system design is presented in order to show the applicability and adaptability of the generic model in practical decision-making process, and the perspectives of future study are also discussed.     

海上石油平台及管线弃置的海洋环境保护研究

随着相当数量的海上油田接近或者超过服役年限,越来越多的平台需要弃置。文章介绍了国内外海洋石油平台弃置的环境管理法律法规,以某海洋石油平台的拆除为例,从对海洋环境影响最大的油井永久封堵、导管架桩基的切割和海底管线拆除与回收三个方面,合理选择弃置方案,并分析了石油平台弃置对海洋的环境影响。最后针对海洋石油平台弃置过程和弃置后凸显的问题,提出了科学、可行的环境管理建议。