燃煤烟气安大略汞测试方法的实验研究

以我国三家典型电厂的SCR前、除尘前、脱硫前和脱硫后燃煤烟气为例,考察了分析仪器、采样时间、吸收液量和消解方式对安大略方法(Ontario-Hydro法)测试结果的影响。结果表明:CVAAS﹑HG-ICP-AES﹑ICP-MS、和MP-AES都可用于Ontario-Hydro法采集的燃煤烟气样品的汞浓度分析;当烟气中汞浓度较高(大于10μg/m3时),烟气采样时间可以缩短为1 h;200 mL的KMnO4-H2SO4吸收液能确保烟气中汞的监测精度;H2O2-HNO3吸收液和KMnO4-H2SO4吸收液样品采用标准消解和简化消解法所得分析测试结果偏差<10%,表明烟气H2O2-HNO3和KMnO4-H2SO4吸收液样品可采用简化消解方式进行样品消解。     

屠宰废水处理工程实践与工艺探讨

屠宰废水具有有机物浓度高、杂质和悬浮物多、油脂浓度高等特点,采用隔油沉淀-气浮-UASB-接触氧化的主体处理工艺对屠宰废水进行处理,取得了较好的处理效果,出水达到GB 13457—92《肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准》的二级排放标准。     

Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products by sequential ultraviolet and ozonation process in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant

The application of appropriate advanced treat- ment process in the municipal wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） has become an important issue considering the elimination of emerging contaminants, such as pharma- ceutical and personal care products （PPCPs）. In the present study, the removal of 13 PPCPs belonging to different therapeutic classes by the sequential ultraviolet （UV） and ozonation process in a full-scale WWTP in Beijing was investigated over the course of ten months. Most of the target PPCPs were effectively removed, and the median removal efficiencies of individual PPCPs, ranging from -13% to 89%, were dependent on their reaction rate constants with molecular ozone. Noticeable fluctuation in the removal efficiencies of the same PPCPs was observed in different sampling campaigns. Nevertheless, the sequential UV and ozonation process still made a significant contribution to the total elimination of most PPCPs in the full-scale WWTP, by compensating for the poor or fluctuant removal performance of PPCPs by biologic treatment process.     

β-萘磺酸钠生产废水的处理

先采用液膜分离技术对β-萘磺酸钠生产废水进行处理,回收其中的β-萘磺酸钠,然后用H2O2-Fe2+催化氧化法进行深度处理,取得很好的效果。废水COD和色度去除率分别可达99.54％和94.14％,处理后的废水达到排放标准     

Fe^2＋—H2O2氧化法处理氨基J酸工业废水的研究

用Ｆｅ＾２＋－Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化法处理氨基Ｊ酸工业废水。结果表明,当溶液ｐＨ＝１－３,Ｈ２Ｏ２和Ｆｅ＾２＋用量分别为Ｈ２Ｏ２：Ｆｅ＾２＋１０：１,Ｈ２Ｏ２：ＣＯＤＣｒ＝２ｇ：ｇ时,Ｊ酸废水的ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率达６６．７％,氨基去除率达６８．４％。处理后的废水ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤＣｒ＝０．５,已达到生化处理的要求。该法可作为氨基Ｊ酸废水的预处理方法。     

燃煤锅炉烟气净化系统风机带水原因及对策研究

分析讨论了冲击水浴式和旋风水膜式燃煤烟气除尘脱硫系统产生风机带水的主要原因 ,研制开发了密闭式水位控制箱和锯齿形溢水槽 ,通过工程实践 ,能有效解决除尘系统引风机带水问题。     

NiB2O4 (B = Mn or Co) catalysts for NH3-SCR of NOx at low-temperature in microwave field

● Microwave-assisted catalytic NH₃-SCR reaction over spinel oxides is carried out. ● SCR reaction temperature is tremendously lowered in microwave field. ● NO conversion of NiMn₂O₄ is highly up to 90.6% at 70°C under microwave heating. Microwave-assisted selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) was investigated over Ni-based metal oxides. The NiMn₂O₄ and NiCo₂O₄ catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and their activities were evaluated as potential candidate catalysts for low-temperature NH₃-SCR in a microwave field. The physicochemical properties and structures of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), N₂-physisorption, NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field, H₂-temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and NH₃-temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD). The results verified that microwave radiation reduced the reaction temperature required for NH₃-SCR compared to conventional heating, which needed less energy. For the NiMn₂O₄ catalyst, the catalytic efficiency exceeded 90% at 70 °C and reached 96.8% at 110 °C in the microwave field. Meanwhile, the NiMn₂O₄ also exhibited excellent low-temperature NH₃-SCR reaction performance under conventional heating conditions, which is due to the high BET specific surface area, more suitable redox property, good NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field and rich acidic sites.     

A critical review on thermodynamic mechanisms of membrane fouling in membrane-based water treatment process

● Fundamentals of membrane fouling are comprehensively reviewed. ● Contribution of thermodynamics on revealing membrane fouling mechanism is summarized. ● Quantitative approaches toward thermodynamic fouling mechanisms are deeply analyzed. ● Inspirations of thermodynamics for membrane fouling mitigation are briefly discussed. ● Research prospects on thermodynamics and membrane fouling are forecasted. Membrane technology is widely regarded as one of the most promising technologies for wastewater treatment and reclamation in the 21st century. However, membrane fouling significantly limits its applicability and productivity. In recent decades, research on the membrane fouling has been one of the hottest spots in the field of membrane technology. In particular, recent advances in thermodynamics have substantially widened people’s perspectives on the intrinsic mechanisms of membrane fouling. Formulation of fouling mitigation strategies and fabrication of anti-fouling membranes have both benefited substantially from those studies. In the present review, a summary of the recent results on the thermodynamic mechanisms associated with the critical adhesion and filtration processes during membrane fouling is provided. Firstly, the importance of thermodynamics in membrane fouling is comprehensively assessed. Secondly, the quantitative methods and general factors involved in thermodynamic fouling mechanisms are critically reviewed. Based on the aforementioned information, a brief discussion is presented on the potential applications of thermodynamic fouling mechanisms for membrane fouling control. Finally, prospects for further research on thermodynamic mechanisms underlying membrane fouling are presented. Overall, the present review offers comprehensive and in-depth information on the thermodynamic mechanisms associated with complex fouling behaviors, which will further facilitate research and development in membrane technology.     

上海大气中二噁英类化合物污染水平及人群呼吸暴露评估

为了获取上海环境大气中二噁英类化合物（PCDD/Fs）的浓度水平、季节和空间变化,评估上海地区人群PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险,选取上海16个行政区域中44个市级环境大气监控点作为采样点位,利用被动采样技术采集2019年夏、冬季大气样品共83个,分析了其中17种2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs的浓度。结果表明：（1）2019年上海大气中PCDD/Fs的质量浓度为136~3 939 fg/m³,对应的毒性当量浓度为11.84~94.9 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³;（2）上海冬季大气中PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度（13.3~94.9 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³）高于夏季（11.84~78.52 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³）。上海郊区由于受工业生产影响,PCDD/Fs平均毒性当量浓度（夏季: 40.7 fg WHO₂₀₀₅- TEQ/m³; 冬季:57.4 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³）高于中心城区（夏季: 28.5 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³; 冬季:38.6 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³）;（3）中心城区人群PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露量［成人：6.82 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/(kg·d);儿童：13.7 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/(kg·d)］小于郊区［成人：19.17 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/(kg·d);儿童：18.4 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/(kg·d)］。儿童呼吸暴露量高于成人。经对比,上海城市背景区域居民PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险低于上海垃圾焚烧厂周边居民,且都远低于人体PCDD/Fs每日耐受量［4 pg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/(kg·d)］的10%,表明上海地区居民PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险处于可接受水平。     

河北省地表水重金属污染状况分析简

通过对近几年水体中重金属检出率和超标率变化的分析、重金属的环境健康风险评价等对河北省地表水进行研究,研究结果表明：河北省地表水重金属污染虽然总体呈好转趋势,但仍然存在环境健康风险。由此分析了河北省地表水污染原因主要有地表径流少、企业排污等,进一步提出了建立有效的预防机制、加强环境监管能力等对策建议。