硼化合物对普通小球藻的急性毒性效应

以普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)为受试生物,采用批量培养法考察了不同质量浓度的硼酸和四硼酸钠对藻细胞生物量、ρ(Chla)、ρ(蛋白质)以及MDA(丙二醛)含量的96 h急性毒性效应,初步探讨了硼化合物对普通小球藻的毒性作用. 结果表明:在2种硼化合物胁迫下藻细胞的生长受到抑制,尤其是当ρ(硼)≥40 mg/L时抑制作用极其显著(P<0.01);ρ(硼)为0~80 mg/L时,硼酸和四硼酸钠对藻细胞生长的最大抑制率分别为89.42%和86.72%,硼的抑制作用呈明显的剂量-效应关系,并且随暴露时间延长而减弱,96 h时藻细胞恢复生长. 硼酸和四硼酸钠对藻细胞的96 h-EC₅₀(半数有效浓度)分别为82.03和71.19 mg/L(以硼计);与对照组相比,二者对普通小球藻的毒性效应表现为,随着暴露时间的延长,ρ(Chla)降低、ρ(蛋白质)先减后增、MDA含量升高. 研究显示,硼化合物对普通小球藻的毒性作用,可能是由于短期内引发藻细胞产生活性氧自由基并造成膜脂质和其他生物大分子的氧化损伤所致.      

玉米生产环境成本及全要素生产率的时空研究

论文在把玉米生产省（区）按生产能力划分为三类产区的基础上,纳入环境成本,系统分析了2004—2014年各地区玉米生产的环境成本全要素生产率及其分解的变化,并明确了三类产区在未来玉米产量保障中的地位和作用。研究结果表明：1）玉米生产环境成本全要素生产率呈现下降趋势,生产方式整体仍属于粗放型,同时玉米生产正转向劳动节约型和环境可持续型;2）第一主产区具有产量和环境可持续性优势,未来仍将是我国玉米供给主要产区,第二主产区和其他产区在要素管理和技术水平以及环境可持续性方面仍有待提高,能够为未来玉米需求提供更高保障。     

Uptake and accumulation of potentially toxic elements in colonized plant species around the world’s largest antimony mine area,China

To provide information on reclamation of multi-heavy metal polluted soils with conception of phytostabilization, a field survey on the uptake and accumulation of potentially toxic elements such as antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in colonized plant species around the world’s largest antimony mine area, China, was conducted. Samples including leaves and shoots (including roots and stems) of colonized plants as well as rhizospheric soils were collected from eight sampling zones in the studied area. The results showed that the contents of Cu, Zn, and Pb in rhizospheric soils below plants were comparable to the corresponding background values of Hunan province, otherwise Sb, Cd, and As contents were extremely high (17–106, 17–87, and 3–7 times of the corresponding background values). The highest concentration of Sb was found in Aster subulatus (410 mg kg^?1); Cd, As, and Zn were in Herba bidentis bipinnatae (10.9, 264, and 265 mg kg^?1, respectively); and Cu was in Artemisia lavandulaefolia (27.1 mg kg^?1). It also exhibited that all the contents of As in leaves were several times of those in shoots of plants, Cd and other heavy metals showed in a similar pattern in several studied species, implying that the uptake route of these heavy metals via foliar might contribute to the accumulation. With high bioconcentration factors of heavy metals (more than 1, except for Zn), together with the growth abundance, Herba bidentis bipinnatae was considered as the most suitable colonized species for phytostabilization of the multi-heavy metal pollution in soils on this antimony mine area.     

Chemical constituents of one endophytic fungus isolated from Cordyceps sinensis北大核心CSCD

The study focused on the analysis of the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extracts of Penicillium herquei, an endophyte of Cordyceps sinensis. The compounds were isolated and purified by chromatographic procedures and identified on the basis of spectral methods. Eleven compounds were identified: 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethylacetophenone (1), vanillin (2), 3-oxo-α-ionone (3), 3,3,5-trimethyl-4-(3-oxo-1-butenyl)cyclohexan-1-one (4), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5), p-hydroxyacetophenone (6), methyl p-hydroxyphenylacetate (7), cyclo-(Pro-Ile) (8), cyclo-(Pro-Val) (9), 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (10), and cyclo-(4-methyl-Pro-Val) (11). Benzaldehydes, ionones, and cyclodipeptides are the major metabolites of the P. herquei from C. sinensis. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Efficient water desalination using photo-responsive ZnO polyamide thin film nanocomposite membrane

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Membrane separation technology has become one of&nbsp;the most frequently used techniques to secure adequate water resources for human consumption and other...     

标准化测试种子发芽和根伸长毒性试验的基质应用研究

种子发芽和根伸长毒性试验是研究和评价新化学物质对陆生生物危害性的重要手段之一。为探究在标准化测试中能否使用非推荐基质,以及使用推荐基质时能否用灭菌法替代酸洗法处理石英砂,选取8种植物种子在5种基质中进行试验。结果表明,不同基质对种子发芽率的影响较小,但基质较低的养分含量和特殊的物理结构易对部分种子根长形成胁迫,甚至直接制约根系发育。生菜、水稻在5种基质中的发芽率和根长无显著性差异;绿豆、甘蓝、西瓜在酸洗石英砂中的根长分别为25.1、24.5、29.0 mm,在其余4种基质中根长显著缩短;青瓜在吸水纸和发芽纸中发芽率偏低,仅为83.3%;玉米在酸洗石英砂和灭菌石英砂中的发芽率和根长无明显差异,为100%/45.7 mm和93.3%/44.8 mm,其他基质中显著偏低。标准化测试条件下,以推荐的酸洗石英砂上各种子的发芽率和根长为评判依据,生菜和水稻试验可使用本研究中任意基质,绿豆、甘蓝和西瓜试验仅可使用酸洗石英砂作为基质,青瓜和玉米试验可使用干热灭菌法替代酸洗法处理石英砂,并且青瓜试验还可使用滤纸基质。以上结果为测试机构在工作实践中优化试验条件提供理论依据。     

Degradation of Azo dye direct black BN based on adsorption and microwave-induced catalytic reaction

The novel microwave catalyst MgFe₂O₄-SiC was synthesized via sol-gel method, to remove azo dye Direct Black BN (DB BN) through adsorption and microwave-induced catalytic reaction. Microwave-induced catalytic degradation of DB BN, including adsorption behavior and its influencing factors of DB BN on MgFe₂O₄-SiC were investigated. According to the obtained results, it indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was suitable for the adsorption of DB BN onto MgFe₂O₄-SiC. Besides, the consequence of adsorption isotherm depicted that the adsorption of DB BN was in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm, which verified that the singer layer adsorption of MgFe₂O₄-SiC was dominant than the multi-layer one. The excellent adsorption capacities of MgFe₂O₄-SiC were kept in the range of initial pH from 3 to 7. In addition, it could be concluded that the degradation rate of DB BN decreased over ten percent after the adsorption equilibrium had been attained, and the results from the result of comparative experiments manifested that the adsorption process was not conducive to the process of microwave-induced catalytic degradation. The degradation intermediates and products of DB BN were identified and determined by GC-MS and LC-MS. Furthermore, combined with the catalytic mechanism of MgFe₂O₄-SiC, the proposed degradation pathways of DB BN were the involution of microwave-induced $OH and holes in this catalytic system the breakage of azo bond, hydroxyl substitution, hydroxyl addition, nitration reaction, deamination reaction, desorbate reaction, dehydroxy group and ring-opening reaction.

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水-岩作用下砂岩微细观结构变化特性及机理研究

为了较好地分析水-岩作用下库岸边坡消落带岩体的劣化机理,设计进行了考虑库水压力升降变化和浸泡-风干循环的水-岩作用试验。研究结果表明:(1)在水-岩作用过程中,砂岩的单轴抗压强度劣化趋势明显,其中前6期抗压强度劣化趋势较为显著,6次水-岩作用之后,岩样的强度劣化趋势逐渐趋于缓慢。(2)随着水-岩作用周期的增加,岩石内部孔隙、裂隙逐渐发育、汇集,矿物颗粒逐渐软化、分解,使得岩石微观结构逐渐趋于松散。(3)水-岩作用下砂岩劣化的进程中,首先是岩样中胶结物的溶解、溶蚀,然后是失去胶结物包裹的矿物颗粒表面发生水-岩物理化学作用,最后是矿物颗粒本身软化、分解。(4)水-岩作用过程中,岩样内部胶结物的溶解、溶蚀对水-岩作用前期的宏观力学性质影响明显,岩石矿物颗粒本身的软化、分解对水-岩作用后期的力学性质影响明显。相关研究成果可为库岸边坡消落带水-岩作用机理分析提供较好的参考。     

印染废水处理工艺的试验研究

探讨了采用单独的水解酸化、接触氧化及水解酸化-接触氧化相结合这三种工艺处理某印染废水的效果。结果显示,针对CODcr为532mg／L、色度为512倍的原水,在总停留时间24h的情况下,采用水解酸化一接触氧化工艺在三种处理工艺中较有效,可以获得84％的CODcr去除率及88％的脱色率,而且该工艺对原水水质的pH有强的适应能力。     

SBR反应器处理沈阳康平县污水的技术研究

对SBR废水处理方法进行了简要介绍。应用SBR反应器对沈阳康平县污水厂进行了模拟处理研究,并对反应温度对CODcr、BOD5去除率的影响,SBR工艺的需氧与供氧之间的关系,NO3-N进水期与厌氧期、闲置期浓度变化等进行了讨论,得出了最佳工艺运行条件。