絮凝-厌氧-好氧处理抗菌素废水的试验研究

血清瓶毒性实验表明,抗菌素废水对厌氧消化具有强烈的抑制作用,废水经过絮凝处理,可以降低废水的毒性．筛选到一种混凝剂（试剂Ｂ）,可以去除废水ＣＯＤ５０％．预处理后的废水经过厌氧污泥床（ＵＡＳＢ）的处理,可以去除６０％的ＣＯＤ,处理系统内形成了颗粒污泥．厌氧处理后的出水,再通过两级好氧处理,出水ＣＯＤ可降至３００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下,达到生物制药废水行业排放标准．     

Ferric citrate-induced photodegradation of dyes in aqueous solutions

The photooxidation of dye solutions containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes was studied. The photodegradation under near-UV light of the five dyes, C. I. reactive red 2, C. I. reactive blue 4, C. I. reactive black 8, C. I. basic red 13 and C. I. basic yellow 2, in aqueous solutions at pH2.0 containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes was found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. The photodegradation rates of the dye, C. I. reactive red 2, decreased with increasing the initial dye concentration in range of 20 – 60 mg/L . A comparatively higher photodegradation efficiency of the dye was gained under the condition of pH2.0 and the Fe(III) to citrate ratio 1:2.     

还原铁粉/紫外光体系对活性艳红X-3B溶液的脱色

研究了在紫外杀菌灯（λmax=253．7nm,30W）照射下,添加还原铁粉的活性艳红X－3B水溶液的脱色作用。当pH=3．5,铁粉投加量为2．0g／L时,20mg／L活性艳红X－3B溶液在光照180min后的脱色率为79％。脱色为动力学零级反应。染料溶液的pH、铁粉投加量、活性艳红初始浓度对脱色有影响。初步探讨了脱色反应的机理。     

龙口褐煤对Ni^2＋,Mn^2＋,Hg^2＋等重金属离子的吸附特性

本文以龙口褐煤作吸附剂,对重金属离子Ｎｉ＾２,Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究,探讨了吸附剂的吸附性能,影响吸附的因素和吸附机理。结果表明：褐煤对Ｎｉ＾２＋,Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋的吸附均表现出Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ特征,ＰＨ值是影响吸附的一个重要因素。     

China’s sponge cities alleviate urban flooding and water shortage: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - About one tenth of humans are impacted by water shortages around the globe. Water resilience is worsening under climate change because intensifying weather...     

三峡水库入库溪流中麦氏花翅蜉(蜉蝣目:四节蜉科)的生活史研究

开展水生昆虫生长过程研究对掌握研究区域水生生物的生物学特征和研究区域生态环境状况等均具有重要作用,可为构建和完善研究区域河流生态环境保护体系提供科学参考。于2017年逐月对香溪河库湾入库支流(螃蟹溪)中的一种水生昆虫——麦氏花翅蜉(Baetiella macani)的种群进行了研究,基于大小频率法、幼虫期有效积温条件进行了生活史性状分析和验证。结果显示:麦氏花翅蜉为三化性昆虫,包含一个冬季世代和两个夏季世代。冬季世代幼虫的发育历期为3~4个月,所需有效积温为1 286 ℃;夏季世代幼虫的发育历期为1~2个月,所需有效积温为757 ℃。研究结果丰富了中国地区水生昆虫的生活史性状信息,并首次呈现了花翅蜉属的生活史特征。     

Experimental study on agitated drying characteristics of sewage sludge under the effects of different additive age

Drying experiments of dewatered sewage sludge (DSS) were conducted on a agitated paddle dryer, and the effects of additive agents, i.e., CaO, pulverized coal (PC), heavy oil (HO), and dried sludge ("DS" through back mixing) on the agitated drying characteristics of DSS were investigated. The results indicated that CaO can significantly increase the drying rate of DSS. The drying rate at CaO/DSS (mass ratio) = 1/100 was 135% higher than that of CaO/DSS = 0. Pulverized coal has no obvious effect on drying rate, but the increase of PC/DSS can promote breaking up of sludge lump. Heavy oil was found to be slightly effective in improving the drying rate of DSS in the examined experimental range of HO/DSS = 0-1/20. It is also found thatHOcan reduce the torque of the dryer shaft, due to its lubrication effect. Back mixing of DS was found to be effective in alleviating the unfavorable effect of the lumpy phase by improving the mixing effect of the paddle dryer. There was a marked increase of drying rate with an increase of the DS/DSS in the experimental range of DS/DSS = 0-1/3.     

Electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by lactic acid enhancement in the catholyte

The electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by adding lactic acid in cathode chamber as an enhancing reagent was evaluated. Two sets of duplicate experiments with chromium contaminated kaolinite and with a silty soil sampled from a supeffund site in Califomia of USA and polluted by Cr and Cu, were carried out in a constant current mode. Changes of soil water content and soil pH before and after the electrokinetic experiments, and variations of voltage drop and electroosmosis flow during the treatments were examined. The results indicated that Cr, spiked as Cr(Ⅵ) in the kaolinite, was accumulated mainly in the anode chamber, and some of Cr and metal hydroxides precipitated in the soil sections in contact with the cathode, which significantly increased electrical energy consumption. Treatment of the soil collected from the site showed accumulation of large amounts of Cr and Cu in the anode chamber while none was detected in the cathode one. The results suggested that the two metals either complexed with the injected lactic acid at the cathode or existed as negatively charged complex, and electromigrated toward the anode under a voltage gradient.     

应急财产征用补偿若干问题探讨

突发事件应对工作,是关系国家经济社会发展全局和人民群众生命财产安全的大事,是全面贯彻落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容。《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》为处置突发事件提供了法律依据,标志着应急管理工作步入法制化轨道。为了增强突发事件的应对能力,     

Insight into the dynamic microbial community and core bacteria in composting from different sources by advanced bioinformatics methods

Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.