上海港区船舶防污漆中Irgarol 1051的环境风险评价

Irgarol 1051是一种常用于船舶防污漆的杀生活性物质。为了评价船舶防污漆杀生活性物质Irgarol 1051的海洋环境风险,根据ISO 13073-1的评价原则和程序,对其进行环境危害评价、环境暴露评价和风险表征。通过对公共数据库的文献检索获取数据,从理化性质、环境行为、生态毒性3个方面评价Irgarol 1051的环境危害。采用评估因子法计算Irgarol 1051的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)。采用质量守恒法计算Irgarol 1051在海水中的释放率,通过MAMPEC v3.0模型推导上海洋山深水港的集装箱船区、码头、航道等暴露场景的预测环境浓度(PEC)。经过比较上述暴露场景的风险商值(PEC/PNEC)发现,港口的海水相风险商值大于1,Irgarol 1051的环境风险需要关注。     

青霉素菌渣资源化为饲料原料的营养价值研究

为探讨青霉素菌渣资源化为饲料原料潜在的营养价值,本研究以抗生素制药厂发酵剩余培养基(即青霉素菌渣)为研究对象,利用元素分析仪、电感耦合等离子发射光谱对菌渣中的非金属元素、金属元素进行了测定,并利用氨基酸分析仪、凯氏定氮法、DNS法、索氏提取法对其基本营养物质氨基酸、粗蛋白、总糖及脂肪含量进行了简单分析。结果表明:C、N、S、H 4种非金属元素含量较高,其中,动物体有机体常量元素C含量最高,质量分数为34.52%。相对而言,金属元素含量较低,其中K、Na等常量元素含量较高,4种重金属污染物Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb含量与相关国家饲料安全标准对照而得,均低于下限水平。此外,以蛋白质、脂肪和总糖含量为考察指标评价了青霉素菌渣的营养特性,并进一步分析了更有利于动物吸收利用的小分子氨基酸含量。结果表明:青霉素菌渣具有较高的潜在营养特性,粗蛋白、粗脂肪和总糖含量均较高,分别为568.767、82.919、320.51 mg/g,同时各种为生命体生长所需的氨基酸含量较丰富,其中苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸含量最高。     

成品油油库雷电电磁脉冲危害及防护对策

针对成品油油库供配电系统、弱电仪表信息系统雷击防护的薄弱现状,开展了油库供配电系统及弱电仪表信息系统雷击电磁脉冲防护技术和电涌保护器安装方式等方面的研究,提出了包含接闪、分流、均压、接地及等电位连接、屏蔽和设置电涌保护器等内外部防护措施的成品油油库综合雷击电磁脉冲防护方案.     

Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM2.5 and O3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O₃ and PM_2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM_2.5 and 8-hour O₃ for a proposed emission control policy.     

Development and case study of a science-based software platform to support policy making on air quality

This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling (RSM) methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool (VAT) for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S. demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias < 2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time.     

天山活动地块地震的震源机制

利用天山地块的地震震源机制解,并结合Google Earth遥感影像验证了柯坪地区内逆冲推覆构造带发震断裂的走向。讨论了喀什地区地震空区的形变特征和区域应力场,同时根据Google Earth遥感影像中地震空区的地貌类型,分析了地震空区周围的形变特征,推断地震空区附近薄弱介质区域的地震危险性较高。此外,还根据天山地区的地震震源机制在Google Earth遥感影像上的分布规律,并结合地质信息分析了震源机制分区差异性的形成原因和造成这种差异的背景应力场。     

LAI inversion algorithm based on directional reflectance kernels

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important ecological and environmental parameter. A new LAI algorithm is developed using the principles of ground LAI measurements based on canopy gap fraction. First, the relationship between LAI and gap fraction at various zenith angles is derived from the definition of LAI. Then, the directional gap fraction is acquired from a remote sensing bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) product. This acquisition is obtained by using a kernel driven model and a large-scale directional gap fraction algorithm. The algorithm has been applied to estimate a LAI distribution in China in mid-July 2002. The ground data acquired from two field experiments in Changbai Mountain and Qilian Mountain were used to validate the algorithm. To resolve the scale discrepancy between high resolution ground observations and low resolution remote sensing data, two TM images with a resolution approaching the size of ground plots were used to relate the coarse resolution LAI map to ground measurements. First, an empirical relationship between the measured LAI and a vegetation index was established. Next, a high resolution LAI map was generated using the relationship. The LAI value of a low resolution pixel was calculated from the area-weighted sum of high resolution LAIs composing the low resolution pixel. The results of this comparison showed that the inversion algorithm has an accuracy of 82%. Factors that may influence the accuracy are also discussed in this paper.