水泥旋窑并行处理城市污水厂污泥的污染物排放研究

通过重庆某水泥厂的工业试验,测定了水泥旋窑并行处理城市污水厂污泥的烟气参数及污染物排放指标,分析了并行处理污泥对旋窑烟气的影响程度及各项指标之间的相关性。结果表明：①在污泥添加速率增大时,烟气流速、排气量、含氧量、空气过剩系数、HF和SO₂等排放浓度均随之增加,粉尘、NO_x排放浓度基本保持不变,HCl排放浓度下降,CO排放浓度先剧增后缓慢下降,而总烃排放浓度无明显规律;②污泥添加速率与SO₂排放浓度、烟气流速与排气量、含氧量与空气过剩系数、总烃浓度与SO₂排放浓度、烟气流速与总烃浓度呈显著正相关,污泥添加速率与HCl浓度、SO₂浓度与HCl浓度、NO_x与总烃浓度呈显著负相关;③烟气排放的污染物主要来自煤的燃烧,各指标之间的相关性主要表现为煤耗量增加而引起的连锁效应,但污泥本身在高温条件下燃烧产生的污染物较少,由污泥燃烧产生的污染物之间的相关性较小;④污泥添加速率达到2.4 t/h时,水泥旋窑并行处理城市污水处理厂污泥过程中所有指标均满足国家及相应的控制标准,但其参数优化及污染物控制极为复杂,该方法处理污泥需要进行深入研究才能在工业上应用。     

一株Brevibacillus sp.的原生质球的制备及其对Cr(VI)的还原吸附效果分析

利用优势菌生物系统的还原吸附作用去除水环境中的Cr(VI)是一种有前景的处理方法。为了进一步探究优势菌Brevibacillus sp. 还原去除Cr(VI)的机理,利用正交试验得到酶法制备优势菌原生质球的最佳条件,分析原生质球对Cr(VI)的还原吸附效果。结果表明：酶解最佳条件为酶浓度0.1 mg/L,酶解时间30 min,酶解温度30℃。高渗环境下的优势菌原生质球对Cr(VI)和总Cr的去除效率分别为75.90%和63.82%,均高于完整菌株,而相对低渗环境下的原生质球,由于质膜破裂,对Cr(VI)和总Cr的还原吸附去除效率最低。结合Cr(VI)去除率高于总Cr去除率的现象可以推测,可再生原生质球对Cr(VI)的还原吸附过程是一个与其生理活性（透膜机制和代谢活性）相关的过程,且Cr(VI)的还原与吸附是两个联系非常紧密的反应。研究成果为进一步提高Cr(VI)还原去除效率奠定了理论基础。     

废印制线路板真空热解渣分选与组成分析的研究

在自行设计制备的真空热解炉中进行了废印制线路板的热解实验,得到固体、液体和气体产物。着重研究了热解固体渣中金属铜和非金属玻璃纤维的物理分选、热解固体渣分析及有氧煅烧对玻璃纤维纯度的影响。结果表明,物理分选效率很高,金属铜的回收率和纯度接近100%;热解固体渣含30.35%的铜、56.21%的玻璃纤维和13.45%的炭黑;有氧煅烧去除炭黑可得到高纯度的玻璃纤维。     

基于人工神经元网络的滑坡稳定性预测评价

由于滑坡岩土体的结构与物理力学性质表现在宏观和微观上有着不连续性和高度的非线性等特点,其稳定性受地质因素和工程因素等综合影响,岩土体变形、演化规律的非线性和内在因素的非线性决定了滑坡是一个复杂多变的非线性系统.根据滑坡失稳的非线性特征,将人工神经元网络BP模型应用到滑坡稳定性的评价预测中,借助MATLAB的人工神经元网络工具箱,以国道G324上的86个滑坡数据为训练和预测样本对模型进行了实验和验证,结果表明,所建立的滑坡稳定性预测方法具有较高的预测精度.     

Altitude dependence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in surface soil from Tibetan Plateau, China

Remote mountain areas besides high latitude regions are beginning to receive increased attention in studying the transport and behavior of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In the present work, surface soil samples were collected from the Tibetan Plateau, the highest plateau in the world which includes the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma, to investigate the levels and trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) along the altitudinal gradient. The average PCB and PBDE concentrations were 185.6 ng kg⁻¹ dry weight (dw) (range 47.1–422.6 ng kg⁻¹ dw) and 11.1 ng kg⁻¹ dw (range 4.3–34.9 ng kg⁻¹ dw), respectively. Regression analysis between the log-transformed TOC-normalized concentrations and the altitudes of the sampling sites showed two opposite trends with regard to altitude dependence: negative relationship with altitude below about 4500 m followed by a positive altitude dependence above this point. Considering minimum anthropogenic activities and very sparse precipitation in the north of Himalayas, the trends above 4500 m imply that the significant altitude dependence of these two groups of POPs were irrespective of pollution sources, but could be predicted by the global distillation effect involving cold condensation in high altitude mountain areas. Increasing levels of heavier congeners were found in higher altitude sites, although the lighter congeners were the main contributors to the total amount, suggesting that less volatile congeners seem to become enriched easier than those more volatile at higher altitudes in this region.     

一株Brevibacillus sp.的原生质球的制备及其对Cr（Ⅵ）的还原吸附效果分析

利用优势菌生物系统的还原吸附作用去除水环境中的Cr（Ⅵ）是一种有前景的处理方法。为了进一步探究优势菌Brevibacillus sp.还原去除Cr（Ⅵ）的机理,利用正交试验得到酶法制备优势菌原生质球的最佳条件,分析原生质球对Cr（Ⅵ）的还原吸附效果。结果表明：酶解最佳条件为酶浓度0.1 mg/L,酶解时间30 min,酶解温度30℃。高渗环境下的优势菌原生质球对Cr（Ⅵ）和总Cr的去除效率分别为75.90%和63.82%,均高于完整菌株,而相对低渗环境下的原生质球,由于质膜破裂,对Cr（Ⅵ）和总Cr的还原吸附去除效率最低。结合Cr（Ⅵ）去除率高于总Cr去除率的现象可以推测,可再生原生质球对Cr（Ⅵ）的还原吸附过程是一个与其生理活性（透膜机制和代谢活性）相关的过程,且Cr（Ⅵ）的还原与吸附是两个联系非常紧密的反应。研究成果为进一步提高Cr（Ⅵ）还原去除效率奠定了理论基础。     

中国对虾两个不同地理种群遗传结构的RAPD分析

采用ＲＡＰＤ技术对中国对虾中国黄渤海沿岸种群（ＨＢ）和朝鲜半岛西海岸种群（ＰＫ）的遗传多样性进行检测。２０个随机引物（ＯＰＤ系列）在二个种群中都扩增出１４８条ＤＮＡ片段,其中多态性片段数分别为５４条和６５条,多态性片段的比例分别为３６．４９％和４３．９２％,种群的平均杂合度分别为０．１９８１和０．２３７５。实验表明,中国对虾朝鲜半岛西海岸种群的遗传多样性要比中国黄渤海沿岸种群高,但二个种群都处于较     

Distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils near a petrochemical complex in Guangzhou, China

The aim of the study was to investigate influence of an industrialized environment on the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils. Seventy soil samples collected from surface layers (0-20 cm) and horizons of five selected pedons in the vicinity area of petrochemical complex in Guangzhou, China were analyzed for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As concentrations, the horizontal and vertical variation of these metals were studied and geographic information system (GIS)-based mapping techniques were applied to generate spatial distribution maps. The mean concentrations of these heavy metals in the topsoils did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations in agricultural soil of China with the exception of Hg. Significant differences between land-use types showed that Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As concentrations in topsoils were strongly influenced by agricultural practices and soil management. Within a radius of 1,300 m there were no marked decreasing trends for these element concentrations (except for Zn) with the increase of distance from the complex boundary, which reflected little influence of petroleum air emission on soil heavy metal accumulation. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As in the five pedons, particularly in cultivated vegetable field and orchard, decreased with soil depth, indicating these elements mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. GIS mapping was a useful tool for evaluating spatial variability of heavy metals in the affected soil. The spatial distribution maps allowed the identification of hot-spot areas with high metal concentration. Effective measures should be taken to avoid or minimize heavy metal further contamination of soils and to remediate the contaminated areas in order to prevent pollutants affecting human health through agricultural products.     

钻井环境污染过程控制技术综述

钻井环境污染控制是实现清洁钻井的必要手段,文章介绍了钻井过程中的污染物和钻井作业环境污染控制措施,重点综述了钻井废水、废气、固体废物和噪声等环境污染控制技术。通过钻井环境污染过程控制将钻井作业对环境影响和危害的程度降至最低。     

Electrochemical oxidation for landfill leachate treatment

This paper aims at providing an overview of electrochemical oxidation processes used for treatment of landfill leachate. The typical characteristics of landfill leachate are briefly reviewed, and the reactor designs used for electro-oxidation of leachate are summarized. Electrochemical oxidation can significantly reduce concentrations of organic contaminants, ammonia, and color in leachate. Pretreatment methods, anode materials, pH, current density, chloride concentration, and other additional electrolytes can considerably influence performance. Although high energy consumption and potential chlorinated organics formation may limit its application, electrochemical oxidation is a promising and powerful technology for treatment of landfill leachate.