搅拌子吸附-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法分析北京大气中33种多氯联苯

用包覆聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)吸附层的搅拌子作被动大气采样器,建立了搅拌子吸附-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法(SBSE-TD-GC-MS)分析大气中多氯联苯(PCBs)的方法。优化后的热脱附温度为280℃,热脱附时间为6 min,聚焦冷阱的温度为-40℃,33种PCB单体的热脱附残留比例低于7%。验证了方法的线性、精密度和重复性。标准曲线5个点线性关系良好,33种PCB单体的相关系数r>0.998。方法精密度验证的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.79%~20.2%(n=8),日内重复性实验的RSD为0.43%~29.8%(n=10),日间重复性实验的RSD为3.20%~29.6%(n=20),方法检出限(LOD)为0.01~2.51 pg,回收率为98%±18%。将建立的方法用于北京大气中PCBs的分析。检出8种PCB单体,质量为2.94~129 pg。在32 d的采样周期内PCB-52、PCB-123、PCB-155一直处于线性吸附阶段,而PCB-1和PCB-3经过了线性吸附阶段、曲线吸附阶段和平衡阶段。研究结果表明,SBSE-TD-GC-MS可以用于大气中PCBs的样品采集和快速分析。     

阿特拉津在土壤中的环境行为研究进展

概述了阿特拉津在土壤中的迁移、降解及其对植物的影响等环境行为,阐述了土壤组成、土壤pH值以及温度、湿度等因素对各种环境行为过程的影响,并结合目前国内外的研究现状,提出了阿特拉津环境行为新的研究方向。     

饮用水中磷与细菌再生长的关系

采用改进的可同化有机碳(AOC)和微生物可利用磷(MAP)方法,针对T市J水厂水源水、处理工艺以及一条配水干管中磷对细菌生长的限制作用进行了研究.结果表明:①水源水与处理工艺中MAP较高(5～38μg/L),配水管网中MAP较低(<5μg/L),且管网水中的MAP随着管线的延长基本保持不变.②常规处理工艺能够有效地去除水中的MAP(去除率为34.0%～83.7%).③在水源水和处理工艺中,水样的AOC_{potential<、sub>、AOCP与AOCnative没有显著差别,说明AOC是微生物生长繁殖的决定因素.该研究配水干管中,水样的AOCpotential、AOCP为AOCnative的2～8.7倍,磷成为细菌再生长的限制因子.}     

活性白土对餐饮业废油脂脱色工艺的探索

选用活性白土对餐饮业废油脂进行脱色研究,对脱色率的影响因素进行了讨论。摸索出活性白土的最佳脱色条件：活性白土用量5％;初始脱色温度60C;终止脱色温度120C;脱色时间25min。     

富马酸生产废水的资源化研究

用PCW-7-甲苯络合萃取剂处理富马酸废水,萃取液用碱液反萃回收,每立方米废水可回收9kg富马酸,其含量大于97％。研究了影响萃取效果的相关因素．确定了适宜的工艺条件。     

含油浮渣制备含碳吸附剂并用于含油污水的处理

以含油浮渣为原料制备含碳吸附剂,并用于含油污水的处理。用比表面分析仪和SEM技术对吸附剂进行表征。通过正交实验和单因素实验考察吸附剂加入量、吸附时间及温度、污水pH对污水处理效果的影响。表征结果显示,含碳吸附剂碳元素含量高达90%(w)以上,表面粗糙,孔径分布以中孔为主,比表面积477.5 m2/g,碘吸附值376.48 mg/g。实验结果表明:在吸附温度30℃及时间60 min、含碳吸附剂加入量20 g/L、污水pH为7的最佳实验条件下,处理初始COD为502.12 mg/L、石油类质量浓度45.31 mg/L.的含油污水,COD和石油类的去除率分别为91.51%和87.1%,处理后的COD和石油类质量浓度分别为42.62 mg/L和5.83 mg/1,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的二级排放标准;含碳吸附剂的污水处理效果优于术质活性炭。     

Heavy metals in soils from a typical industrial area in Sichuan,China: spatial distribution,source identification,and ecological risk assessment

Anthropogenic activities could result in increasing concentrations of heavy metals in soil and deteriorating in soil environmental quality. Topsoil samples from a typical industrial area, Shiting River Valley, Sichuan, Southwest China, were collected and determined for the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg. The mean concentrations of these metals were lower than the national threshold values, but were slightly higher than their corresponding background values, indicating enrichment of these metals in soils in the valley, especially for Cu, Zn, and Hg. The topsoils in this area demonstrated moderate pollution and low potential ecological risk. Principal component analysis coupled with cluster analysis was applied to analyze the data and identified possible sources of these heavy metals; the results showed that soil Cd, Hg, As, Cu, and Zn were predominantly controlled by human activities, whereas Cr was mainly from the parent material. The spatial distribution of the heavy metals varied distinctly and was closely correlated to local anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, the concentrations of heavy metals in the industrial land demonstrated relatively higher levels than those of other land use patterns. Soil metal concentrations decreased with the distance increase from the traffic highway (0–1.0 km) and water system (0–2.0 km). Additionally, soil properties, especially pH and soil organic matter, were found to be important factors in the distribution and composition of metals.     

CdSe量子点的合成及其在重金属离子检测中的应用

以3-巯基丙酸（3-MPA）为修饰剂合成了水溶性CdSe量子点,优化了合成条件,并以其为荧光探针建立了水样中Pb²⁺和Hg²⁺的检测方法。实验结果表明：在n（Se）∶n（Cd²⁺）为1∶6、n（Se）∶n（NaBH₄）为1∶3、n（Cd²⁺）∶n（3-MPA）为1∶6、反应pH为11、回流温度为100 ℃、回流时间为60 min的优化条件下合成的量子点荧光性能较优;量子点的荧光猝灭强度与Pb²⁺或Hg²⁺的质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围分别为0.005~10 mg/L和0.001~1 mg/L,检出限分别为0.003 mg/L和0.001 mg/L,相对标准偏差分别为1.23%和1.29%,可应用于实际水样中Pb²⁺和Hg²⁺的检测。     

Photostability study of cis-configuration neonicotinoid insecticide cycloxaprid in water

Cycloxaprid (CYC) is a new cis-configuration neonicotinoid insecticide, which is currently under development in China for agricultural pest control. Considering the photodegradation of CYC is important for the application of CYC in the future, the photochemical behavior of CYC in aqueous solution was herein investigated in a “merry-go-round” reactor under a 300 W high-pressure mercury lamp. Twenty-five photodegradation products were identified via UPLC-TOF-ESI-MS/MS. The results suggested that NTN32692, the precursor of CYC was the predominant photodegradation product. CYC photodegrades via a more complex mechanism than imidacloprid and four potential photodegradation pathways were proposed.