宏蛋白质组学:探索环境微生态系统的功能

宏蛋白质组学是近年来新出现的一种概念和研究技术,虽然现在已经开展的宏蛋白质组学的研究很少,但是在特殊极端环境中功能基因表达、特殊功能蛋白质的开发、生态元素循环等研究领域,宏蛋白质组学已经初步展示了其强大的功能.通过介绍并对比宏蛋白质组学常用研究技术和策略的优劣,发现在进行宏蛋白质组研究时,要根据研究对象和目的选取合适的研究技术和策略,才能达到预期的研究目标.宏蛋白质组学已经在少数生态环境的功能研究中取得了成功,也必将在深入认识环境微生物群落功能、新环境标志物发现和环境微生物相互作用等方面起到更大的作用.     

干式排渣、正压气力输渣一体化系统在华能大连电厂中的设计与应用

燃煤锅炉水力排渣,浪费水资源,且不能做为建筑材料使用,华能大连电厂采用干式风冷排渣、气力输渣改造,对照湿式排渣,阐述干式排渣、气力输渣一体化系统的特点、优势及运行后的改进措施,实践证明,已运行的此系统不但能使燃煤电厂达到节能减排的目的,干渣还可再利用,实现了循环经济。     

湿地稻-鸭复合生态种养对甲烷菌种群数量影响的研究

采用厌氧培养箱技术．用最大或然数计数(MPN)法测定稻一鸭复合种养对水稻不同生育期土壤中的产甲烷菌种群数量的影响。结果表明,稻田土壤中产甲烷菌数量的变化规律与稻田甲烷排放的季节变化规律基本一致,早稻田土壤中菌数高峰期出现在孕穗期．晚稻田土壤中菌数高峰期出现在分蘖盛期。实行稻-鸭复合种养,显著降低了稻田土壤中甲烷细菌种群的数量。特别是减少了甲烷排放高峰期的甲烷细菌憨量。早稻田和晚稻田产甲烷菌种群数量分别比对照田降低20%-96．9％和94．3％～95．8％,且两系统土壤中甲烷细菌数量的差异达1％的显著水平。     

Biological denitrification in a macrophytic lake: implications for macrophytes-dominated lake management in the north of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Denitrification plays an important role in nitrogen (N) removal in freshwater ecosystems. Aquatic plants might have an impact on the sediment...     

环境监测水质采样质量管理探讨

在社会的不断发展中,人们的生活质量和水平得到了很大提升,但随之而来的环境污染问题也逐渐严重,尤其是水资源污染。如果水资源受到严重污染,将会对社会发展与人类发展产生影响。基于此,在环境监测中,要加强水质监测。本文基于对环境监测水质采样质量管理的研究,首先阐述了环境监测水质采样质量管理的基本内容,然后分析了环境监测水质采样质量管理影响因素,最后提出了促进环境监测水质采样质量管理工作有序进行的措施,包括加强设备管理工作、加强水质样本规范等。     

微塑料污染现状及控制对策

目前,微塑料作为水环境中一种最新型的污染物受到越来越广泛的关注,因不足5mm的微小粒径,使其能够进入环境循环系统从而对环境和人体健康造成极大的威胁。针对微塑料污染问题,本文在对微塑料现状分析的基础上,提出对微塑料控制的对策和建议,积极采取行动,减少微塑料垃圾的产生量,并对已经产生的微塑料进行无害化处理。     

不同交通状况下大气颗粒物中多氯联苯的污染特征

采集了北京市北四环附近典型交通路口不同交通状况下大气颗粒物(TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5))样品,利用高分辨率气相色谱/高分辨率质谱(HRGC/HRMS),按照US EPA 1668A方法,对19种多氯联苯(PCBs)浓度水平、组成特征和粒径分布规律进行了监测分析,并评估了交通控制对大气颗粒物中PCBs的影响.结果表明, PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和TSP中19种PCBs的质量浓度和毒性当量(TEQ)变化范围分别为567—2481 fg·m~(-3)和0.33—1.42 fg WHO-TEQ·m~(-3)、875—2845 fg·m~(-3)和0.34—1.71 fg WHO-TEQ·m~(-3)、1118—3922 fg·m~(-3)和0.46—2.09 fg WHO-TEQ·m~(-3),北京市大气颗粒物中PCBs处于较低水平,且主要富集在PM_(2.5)上,占51%—87%;3个采样期PCBs单体组成模式没有明显不同,说明释放源和转化过程是相似的;对总浓度贡献最大的是PCB-209和PCB-28,两者的贡献率为52%—77%,而对总TEQ贡献最大的是PCB-126,占86%—92%(平均值89%),其次是PCB-169,占6%—11%(平均值8%);交通限行期间PCBs的污染水平明显低于限行前,约降低69%—77%(平均值72%),临时交通控制措施的实施对PCBs污染水平降低具有积极的影响.     

Low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater pollution control

• Various low-cost adsorbents are studied for capturing urban stormwater pollutants. • Adsorbents are selected based on both pollutant adsorption and unexpected leaching. • Application modes of adsorbents influence their utilization efficacy in practice. Stormwater represents a major non-point pollution source at an urban environment. To improve the treatment efficacy of stormwater infrastructure, low-cost adsorbents have increasingly gained attention over the past decades. This article aims to briefly discuss several key aspects and principles for utilization of low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater treatment. To determine whether a low-cost adsorbent is suitable for stormwater treatment, two aspects should be carefully assessed, including: 1) its adsorption mechanisms and behaviors that can influence the binding stre.g.,h, adsorption kinetics, and treatment capacity; and 2) unwanted chemical leaching patterns that can affect the extent of water quality degradation. Furthermore, the application mode of an adsorbent in the system design influences the utilization efficiency. Adsorbents, after dosed to soil media in infrastructure, would eventually become ineffective after oversaturation. In contrast, standalone filters or innovative composite adsorbents (e.g., adsorbent-coated mulch chips) can enable a long-lasting adsorption due to periodic replacement with fresh adsorbents. The aforementioned principles play a key role in the success of urban stormwater treatment with low-cost adsorbents.     

Spatial distribution pattern of degree–day factors of glaciers on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Glaciers have a very obvious feedback effect on the global water cycle and environmental change. The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, also known as the “Water Towers of Asia,” provides an important source of freshwater resources derived from glacial meltwater. Changes in glaciers on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are the most important aspect of the research related to global climate change. Because only a few input parameters are available, the degree–day factor model of glacier mass balance has been widely used on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Study of the spatial distribution pattern of degree–day factors for glaciers on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and the factors that influence glaciers is important scientifically. The study of degree–day factors is important to the calculation of the glacial grid mass balance on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and this data can be used in the analysis of the response of glaciers experiencing climate change and for predicting future glacial trends. Through an analysis of the degree–day factors related to 24 glaciers on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, one can conclude that the mean value of glacial degree–day factors on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is 8.14 mm day^?1 °C^?1. The glacial degree–day factor shows a longitudinal zonality with values ranging from high to low from east to west, a latitudinal zonality with values ranging from high to low from south to north, and a vertical zonal regularity along with the change of elevation. The spatial distribution pattern of glacial degree–day factors in the Tibetan Plateau is related to the fact that the climate environment across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is mainly affected by the Indian monsoon, the eastern monsoon, and the westerly winds. The climate gradually changes from cold-humid to warm-humid from northwest to southeast. The single-unit glacier of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau—the Renlongba Glacier—is located in the southeastern portion of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in a warm and humid climate; its degree–day factor is slightly large, averaging at 6.12 mm day^?1 °C^?1. Mountainous barriers exist in the eastern and western parts of the Renlongba Glacier. On the east side, the degree–day factor is small (5.63 mm day^?1 °C^?1) because of large mountains block weather systems. The glacial tongue is affected by valley wind, contributing to glacial ablation, so the degree–day factor is large on the tongue, averaging at 6.56 mm day^?1 °C^?1. The degree–day factor on the west side of the Renlongba Glacier increases gradually increasing radiation and elevation, presenting a vertical zonal feature. In general, the climate of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is mainly affected by the Indian and eastern monsoons and by westerly winds. In dry and cold climatic conditions, the glacial degree–day factor in the Tibetan Plateau is small, while at warm and humid climate conditions, it is large, with latitudinal, longitudinal, and vertical zonality. In addition, the degree–day factor is also affected by blocking, topography, and other local microclimatic conditions.     

O_3-Ca(OH)_2体系处理苯酚废水

研究了苯酚在新型臭氧氧化体系O_3-Ca(OH)_2体系中的降解与矿化效果。实验结果表明:苯酚及TOC的去除率都随着Ca(OH)_2用量(小于2 g/L)、进气臭氧质量浓度(小于75 mg/L)、进气流量(小于3.0 L/min)的增大以及初始苯酚质量浓度的减小而增加,但受反应压力和液相温度的影响较小;当Ca(OH)_2用量大于3 g/L时,苯酚和TOC的去除率在30 min和55 min时分别达到了100%左右;Ca~(2+)的存在实现了羟基自由基清除剂CO_3~(2-)的实时分离去除,从而强化了臭氧氧化过程中苯酚的降解与矿化。这表明,O_3-Ca(OH)_2体系是一种处理难降解有机废水的高效臭氧氧化新体系。