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221.
Vandana Tripathy Rajbir Yadav Suneeta Devi Amol Tayade Khushbu Sharma 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(5):394-406
Extraction and quantification of pesticide residue from the milk matrix at or below the established maximum residue limit (MRL) is a challenging task for both analytical chemists and the regulatory institutions to take corrective actions for the human health and safety. The main aim of the study is to develop a simple rapid and less expensive QuEChERS extraction and cleanup method for simultaneous analysis of 41 multiclass pesticide residue in milk by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), followed by confirmation of the residues with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Effect of sorbent type, temperature, spiking concentration, matrix effect (ME), measurement uncertainty (MU), inter- and intra-assay repeatability, reproducibility of recovery, and trueness of the results were investigated to validate the effectiveness of the method. Limit of determination (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for all the analytes ranged within 0.001–0.02 and 0.002–0.05 µg mL?1, respectively. The % recovery of all the pesticides ranged between 91.38 and 117.56% with relative standard deviation (RSD) below 2.79%. The MU for all the analytes was ≤29% of respective LOQs, and except for few pesticides, the ME was largely negative. The method fulfilled all the SANTE guidelines and thus can be extended for routine analysis of multiclass pesticide residue in milk. 相似文献
222.
Modeling Changes to Streamflow,Sediment, and Nutrient Loading from Land Use Changes Due to Potential Natural Gas Development 下载免费PDF全文
Lars Hanson Steven Habicht Prasad Daggupati Raghavan Srinivasan Paul Faeth 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(6):1293-1312
Natural gas development using hydraulic fracturing has many potential environmental impacts, but among the most certain is the land disturbance required to build the well pads and other infrastructure required to drill and extract the gas. We used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to investigate how natural gas development could impact streamflow and sediment, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP) loadings in the upper Delaware River Basin (DRB), a relatively undeveloped watershed of 7,950 km2 that lies above the Marcellus Shale formation. If gas development was permitted, our projections show the DRB could experience development of over 600 well pads to extract natural gas at build out, which, with supporting infrastructure (roads, gathering pipelines), could convert over 5,000 ha from existing land uses in the study area. In subbasins with development activity we found sediment, TN, and TP yields could increase by an average of 15, 0.08, and 0.03 kg/ha/yr, respectively (an increase of 2, 3, and 15%, respectively) for each one percent of subbasin land area converted into natural gas infrastructure. At the study area outlet on the Delaware River at Port Jervis, New York, we found increases in the annual average streamflow and sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus loads of up to 0.01, 0.2, 0.2, and 1%, respectively, for a rapid development year, and 0.08, 1.3, 2.0, and 11%, respectively, for the full development scenario. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series. 相似文献
223.
E. Roshan Ara Begum Shenbagarathai Rajaiah K. Bhavani Manjula Devi K. Karthika Chidambaranathan Gowri Priya 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2017,25(3):578-585
In recent years there is a growing need in generating a biocompatible and cost effective porous scaffold for tissue engineering purposes. Therefore, this study focused on conversion of the shell waste of locally available crab variety P.pelagicus (Blue swimming crab) into the chitosan scaffold. As the poor mechanical strength of chitosan limits its usage in tissue engineering, it was blended with alginate. The scaffolds were prepared by the freeze gelation method which requires less time and minimum energy, with fewer residual solvent and easier to scale up. To the best of our knowledge there are no reports on scaffold preparation from the extracted chitosan, blended with alginate by freeze gelation method. The biological properties of chitosan-alginate scaffolds (Cts–Alg) were evaluated and compared with those of chitosan scaffolds. The prepared scaffolds were characterized by SEM, swelling property, in vitro enzymatic degradation, and hemo, biocompatibility properties. Chitosan-alginate scaffolds had an average pore size of 40 μm and tensile strength of 0.564 ± 0.0.018 % MPa. Its swelling ratio was 27.5 ± 0.28 %, with mass loss percentage of 10 ± 0.33 % after 4 weeks of degradation. It has exhibited good hemocompatible properties too. Mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells were able to adhere and proliferate well in the blended scaffold. All these results indicated that chitosan-alginate scaffold is a suitable alternative substitute for tissue engineering. 相似文献
224.
Water availability in arid regions is both sporadic and highly variable in quantity. If the water quality shows large variations
of salinity and concentration of other chemical constituents with depth and time span, it has considerable effect on the entire
hydrological set up of the area. In the Saidabad tahsil area, the deep aquifers that supply water to borewells in the alluvial
plain of the Mathura region, Uttar Pradesh, have higher salinity than those of the dugwells from the shallow aquifers. The
excessive drilling of tubewells and high yield tubewells are resulting in deterioration of water quality of the shallow aquifers.
On the contrary, the chemical constituents such as, Na+, K
+, Cl
-, andHCO
3
- show higher concentration in shallow aquifers than deep aquifers. A study carried out to monitor water quality in this region
reveals that the groundwater quality varies with depth and time span in shallow and deep aquifers. Factors controlling variations
in salinity and concentration of chemical constituents of the water in the two types of aquifers are discussed. The relative
merits of the shallow water for potability are pointed out with respect to salinity concentrations and public health. 相似文献
225.
Mohanty M Pattnaik MM Mishra AK Patra HK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):1015-1024
Mine waste water at South Kaliapani usually contains toxic levels of hexavalent Cr(VI). The present in situ study was conducted at South Kaliapani chromite mine area in Orissa state, India, to assess the phytoremediation ability
of three plants, namely, rice (Oryza sativa L.), paragrass (Brachiaria mutica), and an aquatic weed (Eichhornia crassipes), in attenuating Cr(VI) from mine waste water and to correlate the bio-concentration factors (BCF) of Cr. Water hyacinth
(E. crassipes) showed 24% to 54% reduction whereas paragrass (B. mutica) was able to reduce 18% to 33% of Cr(VI) from mine water. This reduction was studied over a period of 100 days of plant growth.
The reduction was observed through a passage of a sum total of 2,000 sq. ft. cultivated plots and ponds separately. Reduction
in Cr(VI) content in mine water varies with plant age as well as with the distance of passage. Cr accumulation and BCF values
increased with high soil Cr levels as well as the age of plants. High BCF and transportation index (Ti) values, i.e., 10,924
and 32.09, respectively, were noted for water hyacinth. The Ti values indicated that the root-to-shoot translocation of Cr
was very high after 100 days of growth. The total accumulation rate was maximum (8.29 mg Cr kg dry biomass − 1 day − 1) in paragrass. The BCF values for roots were noted to be higher than those of leaves, stems, and grains of the 125-day-old
plants. Hence, paragrass and water hyacinth may be used as tools of phytoremediation to combat the problem of in situ Cr contamination. 相似文献
226.
Geer LA Persad MD Palmer CD Steuerwald AJ Dalloul M Abulafia O Parsons PJ 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(3):1035-1043
Prenatal mercury exposure and its fetotoxic effects may be of particular concern in urban immigrant communities as a result of possible contributing cultural factors. The most common source of exposure in these communities is ingestion of fish and shellfish contaminated with methylmercury. Other sources of exposure may occur in ritualistic practices associated with Hispanic and Caribbean-based religions. This study 1) assessed total mercury levels in both random urine specimens from pregnant women, and in cord blood; and 2) examined environmental sources of exposure from a convenience sample in a predominantly Caribbean immigrant population in Brooklyn, New York. A questionnaire designed in collaboration with health professionals from the Caribbean community assessed the frequency of fish consumption, ritualistic practices, occupational exposures, and use of dental amalgams and mercury-containing skin and household products. The geometric mean for total mercury in cord blood was 2.14 μg L(-1) (95%CI: 1.76-2.60) (n = 78), and 0.45 μg L(-1) (95%CI: 0.37-0.55) (n = 183) in maternal urine corrected for creatinine (μg g(-1)). Sixteen percent of cord blood mercury levels exceeded the estimated equivalent of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Reference Dose (5.8 μg L(-1) blood). Predictors of cord blood mercury included maternal fish consumption and foreign birth of the mother. Predictors of urine mercury included foreign birth of the mother, number of dental amalgams, and special product use. There were no reports of mercury use in ritualistic practices or in cosmetics; however some women reported use of religious medals and charms. This study characterized risk factors for mercury exposure in a sample of urban, predominantly Caribbean-born blacks. Findings may help target interventions in this population, which might include appropriate fish selection and consumption frequency during pregnancy, and safe handling of mercury-containing products in the home. 相似文献
227.
K. K. Sharma Irani Mukherjee Balwinder Singh Kousik Mandal Sanjay K. Sahoo Hemanta Banerjee Tirthankar Banerjee Sankhajit Roy Paresh G. Shah Hemlatta K. Patel Anil R. Patel S. Naseema Beevi Thomas George Thomas B. Mathew Geeta Singh Rajbir Noniwal Sunita Devi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8453-8461
Supervised field trials were conducted at four different agro-climatic locations of India to evaluate the dissipation pattern and risk assessment of spiromesifen on tomato. Spiromesifen 240 SC was sprayed on tomato at 150 and 300 g a.i.?ha?1. Samples of tomato fruits were drawn at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after treatment and soil at 15 days after treatment. Quantification of residues was done on gas chromatograph–mass spectrophotometer in selective ion monitoring mode in the mass range of 271–274 (m/z). The limit of quantification of the method was found to be 0.05 mg kg?1, while the limit of determination was 0.015 mg kg?1. Residues were found below the LOQ of 0.05 mg kg?1 in 10 days at both the doses of application at all the locations. Spiromesifen dissipated with a half-life of 0.93–1.38 days at the recommended rate of application and 1.04–1.34 days at the double the rate of application. Residues of spiromesifen in soil were detectable level (<0.05 mg kg?1) after 15 days of treatment. A preharvest interval (PHI) of 1 day has been recommended on tomato on the basis of data generated under All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues. Spiromesifen 240 SC has been registered for its use on tomato by Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The maximum residue limit (MRL) of spiromesifen on tomato has been fixed by Food Safety Standard Authority of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India as 0.3 μg/g after its risk assessment. 相似文献
228.
Bela Zutshi S. G. Raghu Prasad R. Nagaraja 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,168(1-4):11-19
Blood is an indicator of physiological condition of an animal. Therefore, a field study was conducted to investigate the hematological parameters of wild population of rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham). The following aspects were evaluated in blood: hemoglobin content, red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values, and in plasma: cholesterol, protein, and glucose levels. For this purpose, rohu fish of varying sizes and weights were sampled from Hebbal (receiving a storm water drain) and Chowkalli lake (received domestic sewage and industrial effluents from various sources and was more polluted than Hebbal lake). It revealed noticeable differences in hemoglobin content, RBC and WBC count, and PCV and MCHC values. Severe anemia can be marked by a significant decrease in RBC count (p?<?0.5), hemoglobin content, and PCV and MCHC values, whereas an increase in leukocyte count and MCV values were observed in fish from Chowkalli lake. Fish from lake B had fewer RBC and low concentration of serum protein and cholesterol. Serum concentration of glucose showed initial higher levels and then low concentration (900–1,500 g) in fish from lake B when compared to lake A. The variation in values of different parameters can be attributed to exposure of fish to various types of pollutants present mainly in the Chowkalli lake which receives heavy metals, synthetic detergents, petroleum products, and other acid and alkali substances from the nearby local industries. Other observations of these fish include dark body color and aggressive nature of fish. 相似文献
229.
Vinay Kumar Yadav Sahdeo Prasad Devendra K. Patel Altaf Husain Khan Madhu Tripathi Yogeshwer Shukla 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,168(1-4):173-178
Inhalation of emissions from petrol and diesel exhaust particulates is associated with potentially severe biological effects. In the present study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified from smokes released by the automobile exhaust from petrol and diesel. Intensive sampling of unleaded petrol and diesel exhaust were done by using 800-cm3 motor car and 3,455-cm3 vehicle, respectively. The particulate phase of exhaust was collected on Whatman filter paper. Particulate matters were extracted from filter paper by using Soxhlet. PAHs were identified from particulate matter by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography using C18 column. A total of 14 PAHs were identified in petrol and 13 in case of diesel sample after comparing to standard samples for PAH estimation. These inhalable PAHs released from diesel and petrol exhaust are known to possess mutagenic and carcinogenic activity, which may present a potential risk for the health of inhabitants. 相似文献
230.
N. Y. Sreedhar M. Sankara Nayak K. N. Shashi Kumar K. Srinivasa Prasad P. Reddy Prasad 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):59-63
A sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for the determination of simeton with universal buffer solution has been described. The method was based on the adsorption accumulation of simeton at a hanging mercury drop electrode. The overall reduction process is under controlled diffusion. The adsorptive peak was observed at ?0.8 V vs SCE in acidic solution 2 < pH < 6. The peak response was characterized with respect to pH, accumulation potential, time, and scan rate. The calibration plot was found to be linear from 1.13 × 10???5 to 3.5 × 10???8 M with a limit of detection of 2.0 × 10???8 M. Finally, the method has been applied for the determination of simeton in its formulations and vegetable samples. 相似文献