基于未确知测度识别模型在污水处理厂运行效率评价中的应用

污水处理厂运行效率定量评价是当前污水处理行业管理与研究需要解决的问题,运行效率涉及到污水处理水量、水质和污染物的去除率、能耗和药荆消耗等方面诸多项指标。是多指标综合评价问题。文章借助未确知测度识别数学理论．构造了污水处理厂运行效率定量评价模型。并应用于某污水处理厂的运行效率评价,取得了较满意的效果。     

环境法下上市公司信息公开之内容研究——对《上市公司环境信息披露指南(征求意见稿)》的研讨

《上市公司环境信息披露指南(征求意见稿)》(以下简称《指南》)的出台,使得上市公司环境信息公开引起广泛关注。上市公司公开环境信息不仅是其应担负的社会责任,更对保护公众环境利益有着重要意义。健全上市公司环境信息公开,必须在环境法下明确其应公开的环境信息内容。对《指南》的相关规定进行研讨,上市公司应杜绝面面俱到、事无巨细的公开内容,以保护相关公众环境利益为宗旨,运用具有针对性的公开标准对信息内容进行筛选。     

菲在长期施肥黑土团聚体中的老化行为

在东北黑土区长期肥料试验定位监测田采集[化肥与有机肥配施（NPOM）、不施肥（NF）]的表层（0～20 cm）土壤样品,用室内模拟培养的方法研究了菲在黑土及其不同粒径团聚体中的老化行为及其影响因素的溯源分析.结果表明,老化前期〉2 mm粒径组团聚体是优先吸附剂,而老化后期〈0.053 mm粒径组的团聚体是优先吸附剂.在...     

不同修复模式下湿地水质变化的短期效应分析

为探讨不同修复模式对水质的影响,从2009-03-2010-03跟踪监测了精养鱼塘、人工修复水域以及自然修复区3种不同水环境的NO3^--N、NH₄^--N,Chl a、DO、EC、TP、TN和COD等指标,从空间和时间的角度分析了人工修复和自然修复对水质的影响情况。结果表明:在修复研究期间,与精养鱼塘相比,人工修复区水体中TN、NO3^--N、TP、Chl a、COD等指标经过修复中期的短暂上升后均有显著下降（P<0.05）,水质有显著改善;自然修复区水质中TP、Chl a、COD等指标均有下降,而TN呈现显著上升（P<0.05）,水质总体有小幅改善趋势。在适当的人为干扰下,人工修复区能够在短期内对水质产生显著的改善效果。因此,积极且适当的人为干扰的湿地修复比自然恢复对水质的改良效果更加显著。     

排水循环灌溉下稻田磷素时空分布特征

排水循环灌溉具有提高降水资源利用率和减少农田面源污染的潜力,为缓解我国南方地区降雨分布与水稻作物需水时间不匹配和农田磷流失污染的问题,开展了排水循环灌溉条件下稻田磷素时空分布规律研究.采用田间试验的方法,监测藕塘水和鱼塘水循环灌溉下水稻田面水和渗漏水中总磷、可溶性磷和可溶性反应磷的质量浓度,及土壤剖面总磷与Olsen-P含量的变化.结果表明,排水循环灌溉下水稻田面水和渗漏水中不同形态磷素质量浓度沿程降低,尤其渗漏水磷质量浓度的减少趋势更为显著,排水循环灌溉水源中磷质量浓度在一定范围内的变化不会增加田面水和渗漏水中的磷质量浓度.田面水和渗漏水中不同形态磷质量浓度在不同灌溉时期的变化较大,8月田面水和渗漏水的磷质量浓度明显低于其它时期.表土Olsen-P含量随距进水口的距离的增加而减少,并随排水循环灌溉水中磷质量浓度的增加而增加;土壤剖面TP含量受排水循环灌溉的影响不明显.在8月水稻需肥高峰期进行排水循环灌溉或延长灌溉水的流程,可明显改善排水循环灌溉下稻田的磷素去除效率.     

An extended hybrid fuzzy multi-criteria decision model for sustainable and resilient supplier selection

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The formalization and solution of supplier selection problems (SSPs) based on sustainable (economic, environmental, and social) indicators have become...     

Sorption-enhanced chemical looping oxidative steam reforming of methanol for on-board hydrogen supply

Hydrogen is an indispensable energy carrier for the sustainable development of human society. Nevertheless, its storage, transportation, and in situ generation still face significant challenges. Methanol can be used as an intermediate carrier for hydrogen supplies, providing hydrogen energy through instant methanol conversion. In this study, a sorption-enhanced, chemical-looping, oxidative steam methanol-reforming (SECL-OSRM) process is proposed using CuO–MgO for the on-board hydrogen supply, which could be a promising method for safe and efficient hydrogen production. Aspen Plus software was used for feasibility verification and parameter optimization of the SECL-OSRM process. The effects of CuO/CH3OH, MgO/CH3OH, and H2O/CH3OH mole ratios and of temperature on H2 production rate, H utilization efficiency, CH3OH conversion, CO concentration, and system heat balance are discussed thoroughly. The results indicate that the system can be operated in auto-thermal conditions with high-purity hydrogen (99.50 vol％) and ultra-low-concentration CO (<50 ppm) generation, which confirms the pos-sibility of integrating low-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (LT-PEFMCs) with the SECL-OSRM process. The simulation results indicate that the CO can be modulated in a lower concentration by reducing the temperature and by improving the H2O/CH3OH and MgO/CH3OH mole ratios.     

Desulphurization mechanism and engineering practice of carbide slag

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to give full play to the alkaline neutralization value of carbide slag and reduce the environmental hazards of carbide slag, it is of great...     

黄河三角洲湿地不同植被类型下土壤营养元素空间分布及其生态化学计量学特征

选取黄河三角洲芦苇湿地、柽柳湿地、盐地碱蓬湿地和光滩这4种典型自然湿地及农垦地棉花田作为研究对象,阐明不同植被类型自然湿地土壤营养元素分布特征和生态化学计量学特征,并进行农垦地同自然湿地的对比研究.结果表明,自然湿地内土壤总有机碳（TOC）和总氮（TN）含量总体表现为：芦苇湿地、柽柳湿地>盐地碱蓬湿地>光滩,TOC和TN含量同土壤电导率值（EC）和pH值呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;棉花田TOC、 TN和全磷（TP）含量显著高于自然湿地（P<0.05）,其中硝态氮（NO^-₃-N）含量为自然湿地的9.4～11.4倍,但棉花田碳、氮和磷含量同EC值和pH值无显著相关性（P>0.05）.相关分析表明,自然湿地土壤碳氮比（C/N）主要受控于TN含量（P<0.05）,棉花田土壤C/N显著低于自然湿地（P<0.05）.自然湿地及棉花田土壤碳磷比（C/P）和氮磷比（N/P）均值较低,且与土壤TOC和TN含量变化趋势一致.对比分析发现,整体上棉花田土壤营养元素含量、 C/N、 C/P和N/P差异显著（P<0.0...     

Recovery of copper from contaminated soil by flushing

In this work the development of a process for the recovery of copper from contaminated industrial soils is presented. Experimental tests on a standard soil contaminated with a solution of copper chloride were carried out. The metal was extracted from the contaminated soil by flushing with a 0.1 M aqueous solution of an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) sodium salt. A maximum copper extraction efficiency of about 60% was observed. Copper was then separated from the extracted solution by precipitation with sodium hydroxide after addition of ferric sulfate.