煤炭生物脱硫正交实验研究

通过对取自城门山,杨桃坞,德兴和云南的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)的生理活性的研究比较,选取了氧化活性较好的德兴菌种做正交试验.应用正交试验的方法研究了浸出时间,煤浆质量分数,pH值和接种量这4个因素的组合作用对煤炭生物脱硫效果的影响.对试验结果进行极差分析和方差分析,结果表明各因素对脱硫效果的影响有很大差异.在所研究因素的水平范围内,浸出时间对煤脱硫效率的影响最为显著,影响率达到74.21%;pH值对煤脱硫效率的影响也很显著,影响率为16.80%;接种量对煤脱硫效率的影响较为显著的,其影响率仅为5.27%;煤浆质量分数对脱硫效率的影响率最低,仅为1.78%.通过对正交试验的实验结果的直接观察,极差分析和方差分析,获得了三个可能的最优方案.其中通过实验结果直接观察得到的最优方案的脱硫率可达63.80%.     

极限变形程度下纯铝反挤压变形力的研究

针对具体工件对根限变形程度下纯铝反挤压的变形力进行研究,分析了各种计算方法的适用范围,并与工艺试验的实测值进行了比较.     

从内蒙古自治区农村牧区居民环境教育试点项目探索农村牧区环境教育的方法

本文通过选定对内蒙古自治区农村牧区具有典型代表性的试验对象 ,全方位开展全民性环保意识的普及教育 ,已在试验区内收到显著的效果 ,从而对进行农村牧区居民环境教育的方式方法进行了有益的探索 ,对全国少数民族、边远地区环境教育工作也具有示范效益     

苯胺降解菌的分离和特性研究

从活性污泥中分离到一株细菌ＡＮ３，能以苯胺为唯一碳源、氮源和能源生长．经鉴定为食酸丛毛胞菌（Ｃｏｍａｍｏｎａｓａｃｉｄｏｖｏｒａｎｓ）．该菌株可以在高达５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上的苯胺中生长．当苯胺浓度为２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右时，经３天培养即可全部被降解．该菌株还可以利用乙酰苯胺，但不能利用其他取代类苯胺化合物．ＡＮ３菌的生长和降解苯胺的最适温度为３０℃和ｐＨ为７０．９种金属离子对该菌的生长和苯胺的降解均有不同程度抑制作用，尤以Ａｇ＋和Ｈｇ２＋为明显．该菌与苯胺降解代谢有关酶类的测定结果表明，该菌含有的邻苯二酚－２，３加双氧酶是诱导酶．     

藻类急性毒性监测中参比毒物的研究

依据藻类生命力强、繁殖快、对环境条件变化反应敏感的特点,在污染源废水监测中日益受到重视,但其质量保证体系还不完善,而参比毒物是生物毒性监测采取的重要质量保证措施,控制毒性监测数据的可信程度,使毒性监测数据实验室间相容可比.通过二氯化汞、叠氮化钠、砷、重铬酸钾、硫酸镉、硝酸铅、敌百虫、乐果8种毒物对斜生栅藻的生长影响(细胞数、光密度)试验研究,确定HgCl2、NaN3、CdSO4都可以作为藻类阳性参比毒物,废水毒性监测结果可采用藻类生长阻碍率和相当于硫酸隔浓度值表示.     

湖北洪湖资源的利用与环保对策

本文就洪湖生态环境及其水生资源开发利用的实例，对保护和发挥洪湖资源的生态经济效益的良性循环生态模式进行了探讨，为达到稳定持续发展的水体生产力，合理利用资源提出了切实可行的环保对策。     

Study on the decolorization of dyes by microorganisms

Thirteen strains of bacteria with ability of dye decolonization were isolated from activated sludge and biofilm collected from textile wastewater treatment plants, and identified as Alteromonas, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter. Alcali-genes and Corynobacterium. These strains D33, D32, D4 of Alteromonas can decolorize 29 kinds of dyes with good decolorizing activities of about 2.6 mg dye/gram wet cells.h-1. The optimum pH was 7-8 and the temperature was 37℃. The growth of bacteria was 3 times better in shaking cultures than in static cultures. But the decolorization rate of dyes was 4-9 times more in the latter than in the former. The results from the examination of the reaction products of Diamond Chrome Red B and Diamond Narry Blue RRN indicated the possibility of biodegradation of these dyes by Enterobacter D17.     

石油污染土壤的生物整治研究

对被石油污染的包气带土层中微生物生态分布特性进行了调查，并从该土层中分离出１５９株烃降解细菌和真菌，其中１７株可以不同程度地分别利用烷烃（ｎＣ９～ｎＣ１８）和芳烃（酚、萘、甲苯和二甲苯）作为唯一碳源生长，在最适氮源和磷源的条件下，假音胞菌在５２在７ｄ内可利用石蜡作为碳源，生物量连续增加；３ｄ可将初始浓度为５００ｍｇ／Ｌ的机油降解９９％，投加选育出的混合菌株，进行土壤石油污染的生物整治模拟试验，结果     

脂肪腈化物的微生物降解

从长期被腈化物污染的土壤中，筛选到３株对腈化物化物降解能力很强的细菌，分别为霍夫曼棒杆菌（Ｃｏｒｙｎｅｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｈｏｆｆｍａｎｉｉ Ｂ－２１）、微黄色节杆菌（Ａｒｔｈｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｆｌａｖｅｓｃｅｎｓ Ｂ－２２）和克雷伯氏杆菌（Ｋｌｅｂｓｉｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．Ｐ－２１）。该菌可将乙腈（Ａｃｅｔｏｎｉｔｒｉｌｅ）、丙腈（Ｐｒｏｐｉｏｎｉｔｒｉｌｅ）、丁腈（Ｂｕｔｙｒｏｎｉｔｒｉｌｅ）和丙烯     

Bioaccumulation and elimination of avermectin B1a in the earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

The acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, and elimination of avermectin B1a (AVM B1a) in earthworm (Eisenia fetida) were investigated in different exposure systems. The LC50 of AVM B1a on earthworms were 24.1 mg/kg and 17.1 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 and 14 days in artificial soil. The LC50 tested by the filter paper for 2 days was 4.63 microg/cm2. The earthworms were cultivated in artificial soil containing 0.6 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg AVM B1a, respectively for bioaccumulation experiments. The AVM B1a residues in earthworms were determined with HPLC-fluorescence method. The results showed that AVM B1a was taken up from the concentrated artificial soil by the earthworms and the steady-state levels were reached after 9-18 days of exposure. On the 18th day, the final concentrations of AVM B1a in the earthworms treated with two different dosages were 107 ng/g and 165 ng/g, respectively; there were not significantly accumulation. About 80.0% and 94.8% of the accumulated AVM B1a were eliminated respectively in two groups within 1 day after they were exposed to AVM B1a-free soil, but a trace amount of AVM B1a was found for a relative long time in earthworms.