Catalytic Activity of Biomorphic α-MoO(3) in the Degradation of Methyl Violet Dye

A network of fibers comprising orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO(3)) crystals were synthesized using paper as template via a biomorphic approach. The template was completely removed by annealing the sample at 600°C for 5?min. Monoclinic MoO(3) was formed and consequently converted into orthorhombic α-MoO(3) after prolonged annealing. Three milligrams of the biomorphic α-MoO(3) could degrade up to 90% of a methyl violet aqueous solution with a concentration of 20?mg/L under normal visible light. The size of the α-MoO(3) grains and the porosity of the biomorphic sample affected catalytic performance.     

Tolerance, uptake and removal of nitrobenzene by a newly-found remediation species Mirabilis jalapa L

The growth, photosynthesis rate, and ultrastructure of Mirabilis jalapa L. as a newly-found remediation species under stress of nitrobenzene (NB) and its uptake and removal of NB by the plants were investigated. The results showed that M. jalapa plants could endure contaminated soils by lower than 10.0 mg NB kg⁻¹ because there was no decrease in the total length of the plant roots, the maximum length of the hypocotyle, the length of the first seminal root, the height of the shoots and the dry biomass of the seedlings as well as the photosynthesis rate of the plants compared with those in the control. In particular, the growth of the plants could be significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced by 0.1 mg NB kg⁻¹ under unautoclaved and autoclaved soils. Ultrastructural observations on leaf cells of the plants found that these cells had smooth, clean and continuous cell membranes and cell walls, indicating that there was no obvious damage by NB in comparison with those in the control. Although the absorption of NB in shoots and roots of M. jalapa was weak, plant-promoted biodegradation of NB was considerable and the dominant contribution in the removal of NB from contaminated soils, suggesting the feasibility of M. jalapa applied to phytoremediation of NB contaminated soils.     

硫酸钙晶须对磷的静态吸附

以磷石膏废渣为原料制备硫酸钙晶须,考察了硫酸钙晶须对模拟含磷废水中磷的去除效果,分析了初始废水pH、初始磷质量浓度、硫酸钙晶须加入量对磷吸附效果的影响,研究了硫酸钙晶须对磷的吸附等温线,同时对吸附机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明：硫酸钙晶须在碱性条件下对磷的去除率较酸性条件下高,且初始废水pH为10时去除效果最佳;最佳硫酸钙晶须加入量为0.03 g/mg（以磷计）;在初始废水pH为10、初始磷质量浓度为50 mg/L、硫酸钙晶须加入量为1.5 g/L的条件下,于25 ℃下反应1 h,磷的去除率达到99.16%,上清液TP为0.419 mg/L;与Freundlich模型相比,Langmuir等温吸附模型更适合描述硫酸钙晶须对磷的吸附过程,采用该模型拟合得出25 ℃下磷的饱和吸附量为140.4 mg/g。     

亚硝态氮对同时产甲烷反硝化工艺处理畜禽粪水的影响

为进一步提高同时产甲烷反硝化反应对畜禽粪水化学需氧量(COD)和氮的去除效率,应用畜禽粪水于接种颗粒污泥的厌氧混合式反应器,进行不同COD与亚硝态氮浓度比值(COD/NO-2-N)对同时产甲烷反硝化反应的影响研究。通过实时监测反应器内COD、凯氏氮(TKN)、辅酶F420、β-葡萄糖苷酶、产气率、pH和氧化还原电位(ORP)等指标得出,COD/NO-2-N为30/1、40/1时,COD去除率、辅酶F420和β-葡萄糖苷酶含量与空白无亚硝态氮的变化规律一致,亚硝态氮几乎未对糖类水解菌及产甲烷菌活性产生抑制作用;而COD/NO-2-N为10/1、20/1时,COD去除率、辅酶F420和β-葡萄糖苷酶含量较低,糖类水解菌及产甲烷菌活性受到抑制。     

湖北洪湖资源的利用与环保对策

本文就洪湖生态环境及其水生资源开发利用的实例，对保护和发挥洪湖资源的生态经济效益的良性循环生态模式进行了探讨，为达到稳定持续发展的水体生产力，合理利用资源提出了切实可行的环保对策。     

气升循环分体式膜生物反应器再生回用厕所污水的研究

研究了分体浸没式膜生物反应器及其应用于厕所污水的再生回用.试验结果表明,在人水浓度COD440～970mg/L、BOD₅ 307～612mg/L、NH₃-N59～111mg/L的情况下,出水水质稳定,平均COD＜47mg/L、BOD₅＜8.5mg/L、NH₃-N＜20mg/L,处理水质达到建设部颁布的生活杂用水回用标准.研究了动力学参数污泥负荷、容积负荷和HRT对出水COD的影响,确定本试验较佳的污泥负荷和容积负荷分别为0.1kg/(kg·d)和1kg/(m³·d),HRT为7～8h.本文对污泥浓度、温度和产水时间与间歇时间比对膜通量的影响进行了测定与探讨.     

Microorganisms desulfurization of coal

A culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans strain T-4, isolated from Song Zao Coal Mining, China, is able to use pyrite from coal as a source of energy. The bacterial culture solution with 108 -109 cells/ml, pH 1.55 - 1.70 was employed in the nine coal samples with -200 mesh have been studied at initial pH 1.7.30℃ , 20-30% coal pulp density. The bacterial removal sulfur from coal in samples 3, 4, 6 and 7 were reduced to 1.05 - 1.33% and 86.11% of pyritic sulfur can be removed in 4-24 hours.     

钙基脱硫灰在酸性条件下的稳定性研究

常温下钙基脱硫灰的稳定性主要受外界pH值的影响，其次还与所处的气氛有关。文中对空气和氮气两种气氛下灰样中亚硫酸钙在酸性条件下分解放出二氧化硫的量进行了测定，研究了常温下钙基脱硫灰的稳定性及其对环境的影响。     

Can a water market avert the “double-whammy” of trade reform and lead to a “win–win” outcome?

This paper focuses on the linkages between water and trade policies, using Morocco as a case. This country is typical of many in that policy protects its import competing agricultural and industrial sectors while water in irrigated agriculture is priced below its marginal value product. Changing water policy without correcting for these other distortions leads to a more inefficient allocation of water. On the other hand, reforming trade policy alone can make farmers growing crops protected pre-reform worse off. Using an intertemporal, applied general equilibrium model, we find that trade reform actually creates an opportunity to pursue water policy reform. Creating a water user-rights market post trade reform not only compensates for the decline in farmers’ profits caused by the trade reform, but also raises the efficiency of water allocation and hence benefits the economy as a whole.     

带内锥的方形扩散式分离器壁面磨损的数值分析

运用数值模拟方法对带内锥的方形扩散式旋风分离器壁面关键部位的磨损情况进行了数值模拟。气固相研究分别采用雷诺应力模型和随机轨道模型。计算结果显示,分离器内磨损比较严重的部位主要有：分离器顶盖、圆筒段、方形扩散段下部、反射锥外壁面、反射锥内壁面下部、灰斗及灰斗上部方形段。最严重的是反射锥外壁面、灰斗及灰斗上部方形段等几个部位。