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S. T. Buckland S. R. Baillie J. McP. Dick D. A. Elston A. E. Magurran E. M. Scott R. I. Smith P. J. Somerfield A. C. Studeny A. Watt 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2012,19(4):601-626
We consider quantification of biodiversity in the context of targets set by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Implicit in such targets is a requirement to monitor biodiversity at a regional level. Few monitoring schemes are designed with these targets in mind. Monitored sites are typically not selected to be representative of a wider region, and measures of biodiversity are often biased by a failure to account for varying detectability among species and across time. Precision is often not adequately quantified. We review methods for quantifying the biodiversity of regions, consider issues that should be addressed in designing and evaluating a regional monitoring scheme, and offer a practical guide to what types of survey are appropriate for addressing different objectives for biodiversity monitoring. 相似文献
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Anand Uttpal Dey Satarupa Bontempi Elza Ducoli Serena Vethaak A. Dick Dey Abhijit Federici Stefania 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(3):1787-1810
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Microplastics pollution is major threat to ecosystems and is impacting abiotic and biotic components. Microplastics are diverse and highly complex... 相似文献
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Ross N. Cuthbert Sven Bacher Tim M. Blackburn Elizabeta Briski Christophe Diagne Jaimie T. A. Dick Franz Essl Piero Genovesi Phillip J. Haubrock Guillaume Latombe Bernd Lenzner Yves Meinard Aníbal Pauchard Petr Pyšek Anthony Ricciardi David M. Richardson James C. Russell Daniel Simberloff Franck Courchamp 《Conservation biology》2020,34(6):1579-1582
Article impact statement: In an era of profound biodiversity crisis, invasion costs, invader impacts, and human agency should not be dismissed. 相似文献
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A 30-year series (1978–2007) of photographic records were analysed to determine changes in lake ice cover, local (low elevation)
and montane (high elevation) snow cover and phenological stages of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) at the Abisko Scientific Research Station, Sweden. In most cases, the photographic-derived data showed no significant difference
in phenophase score from manually observed field records from the same period, demonstrating the accuracy and potential of
using weekly repeat photography as a quicker, cheaper and more adaptable tool to remotely study phenology in both biological
and physical systems. Overall, increases in ambient temperatures coupled with decreases in winter ice and snow cover, and
earlier occurrence of birch foliage, signal a reduction in the length of winter, a shift towards earlier springs and an increase
in the length of available growing season in the Swedish sub-arctic. 相似文献
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Callaghan TV Tweedie CE Akerman J Andrews C Bergstedt J Butler MG Christensen TR Cooley D Dahlberg U Danby RK Daniëls FJ de Molenaar JG Dick J Mortensen CE Ebert-May D Emanuelsson U Eriksson H Hedenås H Henry H R G Hik DS Hobbie JE Jantze EJ Jaspers C Johansson C Johansson M Johnson DR Johnstone JF Jonasson C Kennedy C Kenney AJ Keuper F Koh S Krebs CJ Lantuit H Lara MJ Lin D Lougheed VL Madsen J Matveyeva N Mcewen DC Myers-Smith IH Narozhniy YK Olsson H Pohjola VA Price LW Rigét F Rundqvist S 《Ambio》2011,40(6):705-716
Understanding the responses of tundra systems to global change has global implications. Most tundra regions lack sustained environmental monitoring and one of the only ways to document multi-decadal change is to resample historic research sites. The International Polar Year (IPY) provided a unique opportunity for such research through the Back to the Future (BTF) project (IPY project #512). This article synthesizes the results from 13 papers within this Ambio Special Issue. Abiotic changes include glacial recession in the Altai Mountains, Russia; increased snow depth and hardness, permafrost warming, and increased growing season length in sub-arctic Sweden; drying of ponds in Greenland; increased nutrient availability in Alaskan tundra ponds, and warming at most locations studied. Biotic changes ranged from relatively minor plant community change at two sites in Greenland to moderate change in the Yukon, and to dramatic increases in shrub and tree density on Herschel Island, and in subarctic Sweden. The population of geese tripled at one site in northeast Greenland where biomass in non-grazed plots doubled. A model parameterized using results from a BTF study forecasts substantial declines in all snowbeds and increases in shrub tundra on Niwot Ridge, Colorado over the next century. In general, results support and provide improved capacities for validating experimental manipulation, remote sensing, and modeling studies. 相似文献
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Occurrence of bisphenol A in surface water and uptake in fish: evaluation of field measurements 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In this study the actual presence of the suspected endocrine disrupter Bisphenol A (BPA) in water systems was studied in the Netherlands. BPA was shown to be present in Dutch surface water at levels up to 330 ng/l, and one occasional observation of 21 microg/l. During the three sampling periods, 60-80% of the samples, most from marine and estuarine locations, contained BPA levels below the limit of quantification (14-40 ng/l). At a selected number of locations the presence of BPA in fish was studied, which showed that BPA varied from 2 to 75 ng/g in the liver and 1 to 11 ng/g in the muscle. Based on present measured concentrations in surface water and on literature derived toxicity data it was concluded that ecotoxicological effects nor estrogenic effects are likely to occur in the field situation. 相似文献
60.
Differential pulmonary inflammation and in vitro cytotoxicity of size-fractionated fly ash particles from pulverized coal combustion 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gilmour MI O'Connor S Dick CA Miller CA Linak WP 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2004,54(3):286-295
Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) has been associated with adverse health effects in humans. Pulmonary inflammatory responses were examined in CD1 mice after intratracheal instillation of 25 or 100 microg of ultrafine (< 0.2 microm), fine (< 2.5 microm), and coarse (> 2.5 microm) coal fly ash from a combusted Montana subbituminous coal, and of fine and coarse fractions from a combusted western Kentucky bituminous coal. After 18 hr, the lungs were lavaged and the bronchoalveolar fluid was assessed for cellular influx, biochemical markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The responses were compared with saline and endotoxin as negative and positive controls, respectively. On an equal-mass basis, the ultrafine particles from combusted Montana coal induced a higher degree of neutrophil inflammation and cytokine levels than did the fine or coarse PM. The western Kentucky fine PM caused a moderate degree of inflammation and protein levels in bronchoalveolar fluid that were higher than the Montana fine PM. Coarse PM did not produce any significant effects. In vitro experiments with rat alveolar macrophages showed that of the particles tested, only the Montana ultrafine displayed significant cytotoxicity. It is concluded that fly ash toxicity is inversely related with particle size and is associated with increased sulfur and trace element content. 相似文献