Simulation of global warming potential (GWP) from rice fields in the Tai-Lake region,China by coupling 1:50,000 soil database with DNDC model

Quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wetland ecosystems is a relatively new issue in global climate change studies. China has approximately 22% of the world's rice paddies and 38% of the world's rice production, which are crucial to accurately estimate the global warming potential (GWP) at regional scale. This paper reports an application of a biogeochemical model (DeNitrification and DeComposition or DNDC) for quantifying GWP from rice fields in the Tai-Lake region of China. For this application, DNDC is linked to a 1:50,000 soil database, which was derived from 1107 paddy soil profiles compiled during the Second National Soil Survey of China in the 1980–1990s. The simulated results show that the 2.34 Mha of paddy soil cultivated in rice–wheat rotation in the Tai-Lake region emitted about ?1.48 Tg C, 0.84 Tg N and 5.67 Tg C as CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ respectively, with a cumulative GWP of 565 Tg CO₂ equivalent from 1982 to 2000. As for soil subgroups, the highest GWP (26,900 kg CO₂ equivalent ha^?1 yr^?1) was linked to gleyed paddy soils accounting for about 4.4% of the total area of paddy soils. The lowest GWP (5370 kg CO₂ equivalent ha^?1 yr^?1) was associated with submergenic paddy soils accounting for about 0.32% of the total area of paddy soils. The most common soil in the area was hydromorphic paddy soils, which accounted for about 53% of the total area of paddy soils with a GWP of 12,300 kg CO₂ equivalent ha^?1 yr^?1. On a regional basis, the annual averaged GWP in the polder, Tai-Lake plain, and alluvial plain soil regions was distinctly higher than that in the low mountainous and Hilly soil regions. As for administrative areas, the average annual GWP of counties in Shanghai city was high. Conversely, the average annual GWP of counties in Jiangsu province was low. The high variability in soil properties throughout the Tai-Lake region is important and affects the net greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the use of detailed soil data sets with high-resolution digital soil maps is essential to improve the accuracy of GWP estimates with process-based models at regional and national scales.     

承包商 HSE 管理体系运行存在问题及对策

分析了承包商HSE管理体系的运行现状,针对存在的问题,提出了管理措施。     

反应条件对等离子体脱除吸附于Cu-Ce/AC表面NOx的影响

以放电等离子体协同催化法对吸附在Cu-Ce/AC上的NOx进行脱除,研究了不同的放电条件和添加水蒸气对脱除NOx的影响。结果表明,对于同轴圆筒形反应器,催化剂量一定时,放电长度增加,吸附态NOx去除率先升高后下降;放电电压增大,吸附态NOx去除率升高,原因在于放电反应区内能量密度和活性粒子分布状态改变。根据NOx程序升温脱附（TPD）,TPD低温位（x更容易被放电等离子体脱除,放电长度和放电电压能够影响不同吸附位上NOx的去除效率。适宜条件下,吸附态NOx去除率最高达到93.3%。循环吸附-等离子体脱除NOx进行10次后,NOx脱除率在92%以上。在混合气中添加5%水蒸气提高了等离子体对吸附态NOx的去除率,但导致循环吸附-等离子体脱除NOx效率下降。原因是H2O与NOx竞争吸附带来的负面效应大于等离子体中H2O提供自由基与吸附态NOx反应所带来的正面效应。     

改性木屑吸附除亚甲基蓝性能

为提高对亚甲基蓝的去除效果,采用热解+NaOH浸泡方法制备了改性木屑,用SEM研究了改性对木屑表面结构的影响,并以该改性木屑为吸附剂,进行了从水溶液中吸附亚甲基蓝的性能研究。研究结果显示,改性木屑表面光滑,并出现多发熔孔。常温下,改性木屑对亚甲基蓝的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,最大吸附量322.58 mg/g,是原始木屑的10倍,是活性炭的3倍,改性效果显著;对浓度为200 mg/L、pH值为7的亚甲基蓝溶液,改性木屑投加量为0.8 g/L时,去除率达到了99.01%,去除效果理想。吸附动力学符合伪二级速率方程。     

Decline of traditional rice farming constrains the recovery of the endangered Asian crested ibis (Nipponia nippon)

Traditional agriculture benefits a rich diversity of plants and animals. The winter-flooded rice fields in the Qinling Mountains, China, are the last refuge for the endangered Asian crested ibis (Nipponia nippon), and intensive efforts have been made to protect this anthropogenic habitat. Analyses of multi-temporal satellite data indicate that winter-flooded rice fields have been continuously reduced across the current range of crested ibis during the past two decades. The rate of loss of these fields in the core-protected areas has unexpectedly increased to a higher level than that in non-protected areas in the past decade. The best fit (R² = 0.87) numerical response model of the crested ibis population shows that a reduction of winter-flooded rice fields decreases population growth and predicts that the population growth will be constrained by the decline of traditional winter-flooded rice fields in the coming decades. Our findings suggest that the decline of traditional rice farming is likely to continue to pose a threat to the long-term survival and recovery of the crested ibis population in China.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0649-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

环境风险评价的实践与发展

环境风险评价（Environmental Risk Assessment ERA）是环境影响评价的一个重要分支,主要分析评价环境中的潜在危险。本文围绕开展ERA的必要怀、国内外ERA发展现状等方面进行了评述,在此基础上针对目前ERA工作中的不足提出了三点建议。     

提高油田伴生气回收率的研究与应用

文章阐述了陆梁油田在开发过程中采用油气混输技术、天然气发电机橇技术、锅炉烧湿气等技术,将伴生气回收率提高至92.10%;油气混输技术能够实现边缘区块油气全密闭输送;集中处理站锅炉燃烧湿气技术可增加处理站天然气外输气量,降低运行成本;小型活动天然气发电机橇的应用,可以充分利用富裕天然气降低生产成本,同时减少富裕天然气火炬放空燃烧量,收到了良好的经济效益和环境效益。     

Mn对超富集植物青葙Cd毒害的缓解效应

为了探究Cd胁迫下青葙中Mn的生理作用,通过水培实验,研究在Cd暴露下(0、5和25 μmol·L-1 )施加Mn(5、100和1 000 μmol·L-1 )对青葙的干重、叶绿素含量、Cd含量和青葙根部不同区域实时Cd2+流速的影响.结果表明,提高Mn的供应水平可缓解Cd对青葙生长的抑制效应.在Cd浓度为5 μmol...     

Short-duration hydrothermal fermentation of food waste: preparation of soil conditioner for amending organic-matter-impoverished arable soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil conditioners can be used to compensate for the insufficient soil nutrition and organic matter (OM) of arable soils. However, the traditional...     

纳米级铁粉脱氯降解四氯化碳

四氯化碳的生产和使用，给人类带来了较大危害。为此，采用纳米铁粉这一新方法对其进行脱氯处理。试验以纳米级铁粉对四氯化碳的脱氯率为考察指标，选用L25（5^6）正交试验方案，考察了降解介质的初始pH值、纳米铁粉的质量、降解温度、摇床转速和脱氯时间5个影响因素。结果表明，pH值这一因素有极显著影响；在得出的纳米铁粉对四氯化碳脱氯的最佳工艺条件下，获得了99．5％的脱氯率，为有机氯化物脱氯开辟了一条新途径。