紫外强化铜循环催化过硫酸盐降解甲基橙

为增强Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS（PMS为活化过硫酸盐）体系的氧化能力,加速Cu（Ⅰ）和Cu（Ⅱ）之间的循环转化,以MO（甲基橙）为目标污染物,研究了Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS/UV（UV为紫外线）体系氧化降解MO的效果和反应机理,以及UV在Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS体系中的作用.结果表明:反应20 min时,Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS体系中MO的降解率为41.13%,Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS/UV体系中MO的降解率达到100%;通过投加TBA（叔丁醇）和EA（乙醇）发现,在酸性条件下体系的主要氧化物种是SO₄-·（硫酸根自由基）和少量的·OH（羟基自由基）;MO的降解率随pH的增大而减小;提高紫外灯功率和PMS投加量均有利于MO的降解;最佳Cu（Ⅱ）投加量为10.0 μmol/L,超过Cu（Ⅱ）的最佳投量会抑制MO的降解;MO的降解过程符合假一级动力学;紫外可见光谱图分析结果表明,MO最终被降解为共轭二烯类物质.研究显示,在Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS/UV体系中,UV可以有效促进Cu（Ⅱ）向Cu（Ⅰ）的转化,从而显著增强Cu（Ⅱ）/PMS体系的氧化能力,有效降解水中污染物.      

太湖金墅湾水源保护区陆域水质特征

水源保护区陆域良好的水质是供水安全的重要保证。为探讨太湖地区水源保护区陆域水质现状及陆域污染对水源地取水口水质的影响,以太湖金墅湾水源保护区为研究对象,对陆域河流、入湖河口及邻近湖区进行了系统的调查。结果表明：陆域水质氮含量超过国家Ⅳ类水标准,污染程度高于湖区,其中以硝态氮为主的农业非点源污染对水源地水质构成较大威胁;磷含量维持在Ⅲ类水质,污染程度较小。保护区河流污染受季节性变化影响显著,且存在明显的空间差异。     

上海郊区表层土壤中DDT残留特征

为掌握上海市北部郊区农田表层土壤有机氯农药残留状况,在上海市宝山区的农田分布区域布设采样点,采集表层土壤样品,用美国EPA方法分析了土壤中DDT及其4种衍生物的残留量.结果表明,上海市宝山区农田土壤中平均DDT总残留量为0.057 mg·kg-1,DDT的4种衍生物p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDD,p,p'-DDT,o,p'-DDT的平均残留量分别为0.032、0.007、0.018、0.000 mg·kg-1.该研究中大部分区域土壤DDT总残留量低于国家土壤环境质量二级标准限值,没有形成土壤DDT污染;但在DDT残留量最高的地块,土壤DDT总残留量达0.694 mg·kg-1,超过了国家土壤环境质量二级标准限值,形成了一定范围的土壤DDT污染.在所有采样点中,有4个点位的p,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDE比值大于1,且其DDT总残留量也较高,说明这几块区域村在禁用期间又被新施加了DDT的可能.该研究可为有针对性地开展区域土壤环境保护和污染防治提供重要参考依据.     

微生物菌剂对油脂废水除臭的工艺条件试验研究

利用微生物菌剂对某油脂工业的油脂废水进行除臭处理,通过研究微生物接种量、反应时间、pH值、培养温度等环境因素对高嗅阈值的油脂废水除臭效果的影响,确定出最佳运行条件。实验结果表明,在菌体接种量为1.0%,pH 8.0,温度为35℃的条件下,除臭效果最好,处理后的嗅阈值仅为16,达到国家二级排放标准(GB14554-1993)。     

Levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in selected foods and estimated dietary intake for the local residents of Luqiao and Yuhang in Zhejiang, China

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were measured by high resolution gas chromatograph/high resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS) in six food groups from Luqiao (LQ) where the e-waste has been recycled and from Yuhang (YH) where the agriculture dominates in Zhejiang Province in China. The total WHO-TEQ values of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in selected foods from LQ were significantly much higher than those from YH. The highest level of the total WHO-TEQ was in crucian carp (10.87 pg g(-1) w.w.) followed by duck (3.77 pg g(-1) w.w.), hen eggs (2.80 pg g(-1) w.w.), chicken (2.43 pg g(-1) w.w.), rice (0.08 pg g(-1) w.w.) and vegetables (0.022 pg g(-1) w.w.) in LQ. By contrast, the highest levels were measured in duck (0.74 pg g(-1) w.w.) followed by hen eggs (0.69 pg g(-1) w.w.), crucian carp (0.55 pg g(-1) w.w.), chicken (0.44 pg g(-1) w.w.), vegetables (0.002 pg g(-1) w.w.) and rice (0.0002 pg g(-1) w.w.) in YH, respectively. The monthly intake of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs for the local residents was 401.75 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1) w.w. in LQ, which is above the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). We determined a monthly intake of 37.13 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1)w.w. in YH, which is below the PTMI. Crucian carp was the predominant contributor to the estimated monthly intake (EMI), accounting for 67.74% and 36.51% in LQ and YH, respectively. High levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in selected foods indicate severe contamination of these pollutants in the e-waste recycling site.     

潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地污水净化效率

构建了潮汐流-潜流组合和潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地对污水进行处理,分别研究2种组合人工湿地对污水的净化效果。结果表明,在平均进水COD浓度为214．28mg／L、NH4＋-N浓度为10．57mg／L、PO34--P浓度为5．44mg／L、TN浓度为10．25mg／L,水力负荷为o．2m3／（m2·d）的条件下,潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地对COD、PO34--P的去除率分别为58．28％和46．99％,与潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地处理效果相近;对NH4＋-N、TN,潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地的去除率分别为69．93％和71．03％,比潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地分别高15％和33％。潮汐流-潜流人工湿地的组合,在系统内实现了硝化-反硝化的组合,强化了系统对TN的净化效果,其对TN的净化效果比-般的潜流和表面流人工湿地组合提高20％～30％。总体上,潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地具有更好的净化效果。     

改进Fenton体系处理蒽醌染料的研究

以活性艳蓝KN-R作为研究对象,用UV/Fenton和solar/Fenton/草酸(H2C O4)体系对其进行处理,对反应体系的影响因素作综合的评价.得到处理蒽醌染料废水的最佳条件:dye(活性艳蓝KN-R):Fe2 :H2O2:H2C2O4为5:1:15:1.5,pH为3.0,反应时间为40 min.在最佳条件下,solar/Fenton/H2C2O4体系脱色率达到100%,COD和TOC去除率分别达到87%和66%以上.改进的Fenton方法能使难降解有机染料迅速脱色,矿化程度较高.并对此体系处理活性艳蓝KN-R废水的脱色过程进行动力学模拟,得到此反应为拟一级反应.     

用钡渣处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水

探索了用钡渣处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水的最佳实验条件，在废水pH小于6、钡渣与铬(Ⅵ)质量比为60～80、钡渣粒度为180～200目、反应时间为90min的条件下，废水中铬(Ⅵ)的去除率较高，钡渣对含铬(Ⅵ)废水的去除行为符合Langmuir等温方程。钡渣处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水的工业化应用试验表明，其工艺简单，操作方便，成本低。     

Reducing H2S production by O2 feedback control during large-scale sewage sludge composting

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) production patterns and the influence of oxygen (O₂) concentration were studied based on a well operated composting plant. A real-time, online multi-gas detection system was applied to monitor the concentrations of H₂S and O₂ in the pile during composting. The results indicate that H₂S was mainly produced during the early stage of composting, especially during the first 40 h. Lack of available O₂ was the main reason for H₂S production. Maintaining the O₂ concentration higher than 14% in the pile could reduce H₂S production. This study suggests that shortening the interval between aeration or aerating continuously to maintain a high O₂ concentration in the pile was an effective strategy for restraining H₂S production in sewage sludge composting.     

旋转填充床中催化氧化脱硫的试验研究

对在新型强化传质设备－旋转填充床中用Mn^2 催化氧化脱除烟气中SO2的工艺进行了试验研究,其脱硫率可达99％,比传统设备的氧化脱硫率提高4％－69％。该设备体积小,操作简单,具有工业化应用前景。