ZnO纳米粒子通过线粒体通路抑制小鼠光感受器细胞Na~+/K~+-ATP酶表达和活性的作用研究

氧化锌(ZnO)纳米粒子已被发现具有生物毒性,氧化应激被认为是最重要的因素之一。前期实验证实,ZnO纳米粒子能显著减少锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn SOD)蛋白的表达,降低Mn SOD活性。本文通过检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放、线粒体活性氧(ROS)水平和膜电位(Δφm)、延迟整流钾电流变化和Na~+/K~+-ATP酶的表达及活性等变化,检测ZnO纳米粒子对小鼠光感受器细胞的细胞毒作用。结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子可显著增强小鼠光感受器细胞中LDH的释放、增加线粒体内ROS水平并下调Δφm、阻断延迟整流钾电流,同时降低Na~+/K~+-ATP酶的表达及活性,从而对小鼠视网膜光感受器细胞产生细胞毒作用,提示ZnO纳米粒子可通过线粒体通路引起氧化应激,从而抑制小鼠光感受器细胞Na~+/K~+-ATP酶表达和活性,产生细胞毒性,导致细胞死亡。本文的研究结果有助于理解ZnO纳米粒子引起细胞毒性的作用机理。     

Degradation of Azo dye direct black BN based on adsorption and microwave-induced catalytic reaction

The novel microwave catalyst MgFe₂O₄-SiC was synthesized via sol-gel method, to remove azo dye Direct Black BN (DB BN) through adsorption and microwave-induced catalytic reaction. Microwave-induced catalytic degradation of DB BN, including adsorption behavior and its influencing factors of DB BN on MgFe₂O₄-SiC were investigated. According to the obtained results, it indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was suitable for the adsorption of DB BN onto MgFe₂O₄-SiC. Besides, the consequence of adsorption isotherm depicted that the adsorption of DB BN was in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm, which verified that the singer layer adsorption of MgFe₂O₄-SiC was dominant than the multi-layer one. The excellent adsorption capacities of MgFe₂O₄-SiC were kept in the range of initial pH from 3 to 7. In addition, it could be concluded that the degradation rate of DB BN decreased over ten percent after the adsorption equilibrium had been attained, and the results from the result of comparative experiments manifested that the adsorption process was not conducive to the process of microwave-induced catalytic degradation. The degradation intermediates and products of DB BN were identified and determined by GC-MS and LC-MS. Furthermore, combined with the catalytic mechanism of MgFe₂O₄-SiC, the proposed degradation pathways of DB BN were the involution of microwave-induced $OH and holes in this catalytic system the breakage of azo bond, hydroxyl substitution, hydroxyl addition, nitration reaction, deamination reaction, desorbate reaction, dehydroxy group and ring-opening reaction.

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多绕组高压电压互感器误差通用推算方法

为解决高压电压互感器现场校验耗时耗力,且易受停电计划影响和无法带实际二次负荷的问题,提出一种对不同绕组数均适用的电磁式电压互感器通用误差间接推算方法。该方法基于互感器误差基本原理,只需测量较少物理量就可得到实际运行条件下互感器误差。应用结果表明:推算法检测结果准确,大大减少了传统直接检测方法所需仪器设备数量,提高了互感器误差检测效率。     

军事训练场土壤铅污染评价方法研究

基于美国环境保护局(US?EPA)的成人血铅模型(ALM)中有关人体血铅浓度与土壤铅浓度的模型算法,文章以我国工作人员血铅的职业接触限值为控制目标值,提出了军事训练场土壤中铅污染的风险管制值计算方法,采用内梅罗指数法构建军事训练场土壤中铅污染评价方法,并利用某军事训练场铅污染调查数据进行应用验证,结果表明该方法用于军事...     

基于鱼类生物完整性指数的拒马河北京段河流健康评价

拒马河是北京周边具有独特生物多样性的河流,目前面临很多水生态环境问题.鱼类生物完整性指数(F-IBI)是评价河流生态健康的重要方法.本研究于2018年5月和10月,在拒马河北京段设置9个采样点,利用地笼和刺网进行调查,共获得鱼类样本2001尾,隶属于4目9科.根据采样情况,初步设置了5大类21个初选指标,经过对指标完整性、相关性和取值范围分析,筛选得出6个评价指标:鱼类总物种数(M1)、鲤科占总种数的百分比(M3)、中上层鱼种类数百分比(M9)、杂食性鱼类种类数百分比(M13)、产粘性卵鱼类种类数百分比(M19)和鱼类总个体数(M20),构建了适用于拒马河的F-IBI指标体系,运用该体系对拒马河北京段的河流健康状况进行了评价,并将F-IBI与几个主要水环境参数和拦河坝相关数据进行了相关性分析.研究结果表明,拒马河北京段河流健康整体处于较差水平,F-IBI与水质理化因子无显著相关性,与参数"采样点与上游最近拦河坝的距离"呈显著相关.结果表明,拒马河北京段河流健康指数的关键影响因素不是水质理化因子,可能与拦河坝导致的河流片段化有关.     

植物修复土壤重金属污染中外源物质的影响机制和应用研究进展

重金属进入土壤后难以被降解,并通过食物链在生物体内富集,长此以往会导致中毒、癌症、畸形、突变,严重影响了人类生产活动及地球生态系统的稳定。植物修复技术是一种经济有效的重金属污染修复技术,其依靠超富集植物强大的自身抗性机制,从土壤中提取或稳定重金属,达到污染治理的目的。然而修复土壤重金属污染的超富集植物通常生长缓慢、生物量低,其抗性机制也会受到植物本身对重金属胁迫的阈值限制,当胁迫超过这个阈值,植物修复的效率就会大大降低甚至失去修复功能。文章在解析植物重金属相互作用机制的基础上,综述了添加外源物质对重金属毒害植物的缓解效应以及其在强化植物修复土壤重金属污染中的应用研究进展;介绍了应用外源物质调控植物吸收转运重金属的3种途径,分别为提高土壤重金属生物利用度、促进植物生长以及增强植物耐性。提出了应用外源物质作为强化植物修复措施的潜力及今后的研究方向,其未来的研究应着重于以下方面:明确外源物质的应用浓度、时期、方式与植物吸收转运重金属之间的关系;从植物内源激素及信号分子间的互作、抗逆基因表达、内生及根际微生物等不同层面上揭示外源物质对植物积累重金属的调控机理;开展外源物质与其他植物修复强化技术的联合应用研究。这些研究可为土壤重金属污染的植物修复技术及其强化措施研究提供科学依据,同时也对植物修复工程技术的发展实践具有一定的指导意义。     

Potential shift of bacterial community structure and corrosion-related bacteria in drinking water distribution pipeline driven by water source switching

• Bacterial release from aged pipe sections under extreme conditions was quantified. • Released bacterial community structure exhibited large variation after transition. • Risks from transition reduced significantly with cleaner source. As a result of pollution in the present water sources, cities have been forced to utilize cleaner water sources. There are few reports regarding the potential shift of bacterial community structure driven by water source switching, especially that of corrosion-related bacteria. Three types of finished water were used for simulation, the polluted source water from the Qiantang and Dongtiaoxi Rivers (China) was replaced by cleaner water from Qiandao Lake (China). Here, we discussed the transition effects through three simulated reactors. The bacterial characteristics were identified using the high-throughput sequencing and heterotrophic plate count method. It was observed that the level of culturable bacteria declined by 2–3 orders of magnitude after water source switching. The bacterial community released from the pipeline reactor was significantly different under different finished water, and it exhibited large variation at the genus level. Porphyrobacter (58.2%) and Phreatobacter (14.5%) clearly replaced Novosphingobium, Aquabacterium, and Cupriavidus as new dominant genera in system A, which could be attributed to the lower carbon and nitrogen content of the new water source. Although corrosion-inhibiting bacteria decreased after switching, they still maintained dominant in three reactors (6.6%, 15.9%, and 19.7%). Furthermore, potential opportunistic pathogens such as Sphingomonas were detected. Our study shows that after transition to a high quality water source, the total culturable bacteria released was in a downtrend, which leads to a great reduction in the risk of bacterial leakage in the produced drinking water.     

Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure with sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin: Dynamics of microbial communities and evolution of resistance genes

• SMX addition had negative effect on acetoclastic methanogens in mesophilic AD. • Thermophilic AD was more effective in eliminating resistance genes than mesophilic. • ARGs variations in AD were mainly affected by succession of microbial community. • Methane production was significant associated to ARGs reduction. The role of norfloxacin (NOR) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of pig manure, with respect to methane production and variations in the microbial community and resistance genes, including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), class I integrase (intI1), and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs), was investigated. The results indicated that NOR exerted little influence on the microbial community, whereas SMX negatively affected the acetoclastic methanogens. The abundance of two sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2), three quinolone resistance genes (qnrS, parC, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr), and intI1 decreased by 2‒3 orders of magnitude at the end of thermophilic AD. In contrast, mesophilic AD was generally ineffective in reducing the abundance of resistance genes. According to the results of redundancy analysis, the abundance of ARGs was affected primarily by microbial community dynamics (68.5%), rather than the selective pressure due to antibiotic addition (13.3%). Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through intI1 contributed to 26.4% of the ARG variation. The archaeal community also influenced the changes in the resistance genes, and ARG reduction was significantly correlated with enhanced methane production. Thermophilic AD presented a higher methane production potential and greater reduction in resistance gene abundance.     

呼伦贝尔草原采煤沉陷对土壤-植物系统的影响及评价

为研究采煤沉陷对土壤-植物系统的影响,以呼伦贝尔草原煤矿为研究对象,通过在沉陷区与对照区不同坡位〔坡顶（地表沉陷边界附近）、坡中（沉陷边缘区）、坡底（沉陷中心区）〕设置样地进行土壤性质和植物群落的调查测试,对比分析沉陷干扰下土壤水分和养分、植物物种组成以及群落结构的变化,研究土壤性质与植物群落特征之间的关系,并对沉陷区和对照区土壤-植物系统进行综合评价.结果表明:①采煤沉陷后,沉陷区土壤体积含水量（简称“土壤含水量”）较对照区下降了4.8%（P < 0.05）,坡中土壤水分损失最严重,比对照区同一坡位减少了8.4%（P < 0.05）.沉陷区0~60 cm土壤TN（全氮）、TP（全磷）、OM（有机质）和AK（速效钾）含量平均值分别比对照区下降了17.8%、28.9%、38.0%和46.5%（P < 0.05）,坡中和坡底土壤养分流失明显,TN含量在坡中比对照区相同坡位下降了29.7%（P < 0.05）,OM、AK含量在坡底减少了54.1%、64.1%（P < 0.05）.②沉陷区植物种类比对照区减少了28.6%~37.0%,原有优势种羊草（Leymus chinensis）、贝加尔针茅（Stipa Baicalensis）的重要值下降,而双齿葱（Allium bidentatum）、寸草苔（Carex duriuscula）等旱生植物种类和数量增多,植物群落发生退化,群落Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数明显低于对照区（P < 0.05）.③通过冗余分析可知,土壤性质与群落多样性指数相关性显著（P < 0.05）,其中TP、TN、OM和AK含量与多样性指数的相关系数均大于0.5（P < 0.05）,TN含量是影响群落多样性的关键因子.④利用因子分析法对土壤-植物系统进行综合评价,显示沉陷区各样地土壤-植物系统与对照区相比呈退化状态,不同坡位的退化程度表现为坡中>坡顶>坡底.研究显示,受沉陷干扰影响,土壤水分和养分发生损失,群落物种多样性下降,土壤-植物系统退化趋势明显,坡中部位（沉陷边缘区）退化最严重.      

农田生态系统N2O排放的数值模拟研究

综合大气化学等多学科最新研究进展,建立了农田N₂O排放数值模式,模式较好地模拟了农田生态系统中N₂O排放过程.利用模式分析了气象因子对N₂O排放影响.结果表明:苏州稻田N₂O排放量与生长期平均气温存在显著正相关,与总辐射和降水量相关不明显;功率谱分析表明N₂O排放量存在7～9年的变化周期,与平均温度变化周期比较接近.模拟气候变化对N₂O排放的可能影响表明:气温比目前升高1℃,苏州稻田N2O排放量将平均增加4.5%.