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71.
Using a fire propagation model to assess the efficiency of prescribed burning in reducing the fire hazard 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nathalie Cassagne François PimontJean-Luc Dupuy Rodman R. LinnAnders Mårell Chloé OliveriEric Rigolot 《Ecological modelling》2011,222(8):1502-1514
We examined how fire hazard was affected by prescribed burning and fuel recovery over the first six years following treatment. Eight common Mediterranean fuel complexes managed by means of prescribed burning in limestone Provence (South-Eastern France) were studied, illustrating forest and woodland, garrigue and grassland situations. The coupled atmosphere-wildfire behaviour model FIRETEC was used to simulate fire behaviour (ROS, intensity) in these complex vegetations. The temporal threshold related to the effectiveness of prescribed burning in reducing the fire hazard was assessed from derivated fuel dynamics after treatment. The study showed that prescribed burning treatment was effective for the first two years in most of the Mediterranean plant communities analysed. Thereafter, all forests and shrublands were highly combustible with a fire line intensity of more than 5000 kW/m except for pine stands with or without oak (medium intensity of 2000 kW m−1 3 years after treatment). Low fire line intensity (900 kW m−1) was obtained for grassland which was entirely treatment-independent since the resprouter hemicryptophyte, Brachypodium retusum, is highly resilient to fire. Fire behaviour was greatly affected by fuel load accumulation of Quercus ilex in woodland, and by standing necromass of Rosmarinus officinalis in treated garrigue. Pure pine stands with shrub strata similar to garrigue showed a lower fire intensity due to wind speed decrease at ground level under tree canopy, underlining the advantage of maintaining a proportion of canopy cover in strategic fuel-break zones. 相似文献
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Thermal hydrolysis of secondary scum at 9 bars and 170 degrees C was shown to completely destroy Gordonia sp. cells and reduce its foaming potential, so that it can be recycled to headworks or sent to the solids-handling side of the plant without the risk of causing foaming problems in the activated sludge system and anaerobic digesters. This process shows promise for biological foam control in wastewater treatment plants where solids retention time control and selective wasting cannot be applied and/or selector installation is not possible. An initial cost comparison of thermal hydrolysis and several widely accepted foam-management strategies shows it to be competitive; however, optimization of operating pressure and temperature is necessary. 相似文献
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Intensification of agriculture has led to renewed efforts to drain wetlands throughout North American prairies. It is perceived to threaten downstream ecosystem health through enhancing nutrient, bacteria and salt loading. An experiment was conducted to determine temporal variations in wetland solute storage and export upon drainage. Water quality along seven ditches and five natural spills that form between wetlands was also compared. The experimental wetland acted as a solute storage zone prior to its drainage. Variations in salts and DOC were influenced by hydrological processes, whereas variations in nutrients and bacteria were also influenced by biotic and/or sorption processes. Wetland water quality was an important control of drainage water quality as the wetland ditch acted as a simple conduit. Concentrations of TDN, DOC, HCO3−, K+, and Ca2+ were higher in ditches than spills. Minimal changes in water quality along ditches and spills occurred, likely due to low spring temperatures that can restrict biotic processing and sorption. Since ditches connect wetlands to streams, they have a greater potential to contribute to downstream solute loading than spills. Wetland drainage efficiency and wetland water quality were deemed the factors critical to determining solute exports via ditches. 相似文献
76.
Rey-Romero Daniela Cristina Domínguez Isabel Oviedo-Ocaña Edgar Ricardo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(55):83169-83190
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Páramos are high mountain ecosystems strategic for water provision in South America. Currently, páramos are under threat due to agricultural... 相似文献
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Nathalie Tanne Rui Xu Mingyue Zhou Pan Zhang Xiaomao Wang Xianghua Wen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(2):19
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Nathalie Vanhoudt Hildegarde Vandenhove Jean Wannijn Jaco Vangronsveld 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(11):923-930
Uranium never occurs as a single pollutant in the environment, but always in combination with other stressors such as ionizing radiation. As effects induced by multiple contaminants can differ markedly from the effects induced by the individual stressors, this multiple pollution context should not be neglected. In this study, effects on growth, nutrient uptake and oxidative stress induced by the single stressors uranium and gamma radiation are compared with the effects induced by the combination of both stressors. By doing this, we aim to better understand the effects induced by the combined stressors but also to get more insight in stressor-specific response mechanisms. Eighteen-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were exposed for 3 days to 10 μM uranium and 3.5 Gy gamma radiation. Gamma radiation interfered with uranium uptake, resulting in decreased uranium concentrations in the roots, but with higher transport to the leaves. This resulted in a better root growth but increased leaf lipid peroxidation. For the other endpoints studied, effects under combined exposure were mostly determined by uranium presence and only limited influenced by gamma presence. Furthermore, an important role is suggested for CAT1/2/3 gene expression under uranium and mixed stressor conditions in the leaves. 相似文献