A fractal derivative model to quantify bed-load transport along a heterogeneous sand bed

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Bed-load transport is a complex process exhibiting anomalous dynamics, which cannot be efficiently described using the traditional advection–diffusion...     

How does “the Belt and Road” and the Sino-US trade conflict affect global and Chinese CO2 emissions?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the context of the rapid development of the Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative, the continuous transfer of Sino-US trade to the B&R...     

Effects of reciprocal hybridization on cadmium accumulation in F1 hybrids of two Solanum photeinocarpum ecotypes

In this study, farmland and mining ecotypes of Solanum photeinocarpum (a potential cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator plant) were reciprocally hybridized each other, and the Cd accumulation characteristics of the F1 hybrids were studied. In pot experiments, higher biomasses and Cd extraction abilities were found for two S. photeinocarpum F1 hybrids than for the parents, but the Cd contents in various organs were lower in the hybrids than the parents. However, the differences between the Cd contents in the two hybrids were not significant. The antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) activities were higher for the S. photeinocarpum F1 hybrids than the parents. Less DNA methylation was found in the hybrids than the parents because more demethylation occurred in the hybrids than the parents. The biomass, Cd content, and Cd extraction ability effects in field experiments were similar to the effects in the pot experiments. It was concluded that reciprocally hybridizing different S. photeinocarpum ecotypes improved the ability of S. photeinocarpum to be used to phytoremediate contaminated land.

     

永定河上游张家口地区水污染物排放负荷与贡献

运用源强系数法,估算永定河上游张家口地区不同来源水污染物的排放负荷,并评估不同污染源的贡献。结果表明:(1)永定河上游张家口地区COD排放负荷为97 533.43t/a;氨氮排放负荷为10 596.73t/a;总磷排放负荷为1 389.11t/a。(2)COD主要来自畜禽养殖业和城镇生活污水,分别占总排放负荷的53.66%和31.41%;氨氮主要来自城镇和农村生活污水,分别占总排放负荷的40.15%和27.04%;总磷主要来自畜禽养殖业和城镇生活污水,分别占总排放负荷的28.99%和26.54%。(3)从空间上看,宣化区COD、氨氮、总磷排放负荷均为最大,宣化区是永定河上游张家口地区水污染的主要贡献区。     

绍兴城区夏季大气挥发性有机物特征、来源及大气反应活性

研究了2019年夏季(8月)绍兴城区的烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、芳烃、卤代烃、含氧挥发性有机物(VOCs)、腈7类共98种VOCs的特征、来源及大气反应活性。结果表明,7类VOCs的平均质量浓度由大到小依次为烷烃(24.29μg/m3)卤代烃(17.17μg/m3)芳烃(15.89μg/m3)含氧VOCs(14.72μg/m3)烯烃(4.06μg/m3)炔烃(1.23μg/m3)腈(0.27μg/m3)。烃、腈和卤代烃白天浓度低,夜间浓度高,含氧VOCs基本上终日保持稳定。白天交通排放的贡献较为显著;夜间除交通排放外,挥发性有机溶剂的使用对绍兴城区夏季VOCs也有重要影响。此外,VOCs在一定程度上受到了长距离气团传输的影响,也存在一定的老化现象。烯烃、芳烃是绍兴城区夏季最具大气反应活性的VOCs。     

落地油泥土壤性质对超声除油效果的影响

落地油泥是油田产生的一类危险固体废弃物,其无害化处理是目前各大油田所面临的重大挑战之一。为了深入认识超声处理过程中油泥土壤性质与超声处理除油效果之间的关系,以不同油田典型落地油泥为研究对象,超声处理后对其土壤残留含油量、土壤颗粒级配、土壤化学组成等进行分析。结果表明:油泥中土壤颗粒粒径较大的大庆、大港落地油泥经超声处理后的除油效果均在60%以上,而土壤颗粒粒径较小的冀东落地油泥超声除油率仅为11%;同时,超声除油效果较好的大庆、大港落地油泥中的钙氧化物含量较低(分别为4.84%和5.94%),而超声除油效果差的冀东落地油泥中的钙氧化物含量较高(11.57%)。进一步的模拟实验结果表明,钙氧化物含量高的土壤对原油的吸附量大、吸附强度高、超声除油效果差,而钙氧化物含量低的土壤吸附量小、吸附强度低、超声除油效果好。以上结果可为油田落地油泥超声处理技术的开发及规模化应用提供指导。