Rational construction of Co-promoted 1T-MoS2 nanoflowers towards high-efficiency 4-nitrophenol reduction

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Developing efficient and cost-effective non-noble metal catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) is of great...     

Impact of regional temperature on the adoption of electric vehicles: an empirical study based on 20 provinces in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of electric vehicles (EVs) is not only a necessary path for China to move from a big country to a powerful country in automobile...     

成都市餐饮源大气污染物排放清单研究

为全面、准确地获得成都市餐饮源大气污染物排放清单,针对成都市社会餐饮、家庭餐饮和食堂餐饮分别选择监测对象进行细颗粒物(PM2.5)、非甲烷总烃(NMHCs)、油烟、氮氧化物(NOx)、SO2和CO 6种大气污染物排放浓度监测.分别按照用油量、就餐人次和灶头风量3种核算依据计算了6种大气污染物的排放因子,并计算成都市餐饮...     

利用CGE模型评价水价改革的影响力——以北京市为例

为保证水价改革公平，将水价影响控制在可承受范围内，需要有工具能评估水价改革的影响。以北京市为例，建立了CGE模型用以评价各部门水价水平高低。通过改进CGE模型的收入方程，以评价水价改革对价格水平、生产、用水量和水费收入的影响。评价结果表明：从1996到2005年，各部门水价水平大幅增加，但极不平均；水价改革对价格水平的影响极低；对某些部门的生产有程度很低的不利影响。但可提高净产值。促进个别部门发展。     

氧化石墨烯负载铁锰复合材料对镉砷污染土壤的钝化修复

为修复受到镉砷复合污染的农田土壤,将铁锰氧化物负载于氧化石墨烯表面,制备得到了新型氧化石墨烯负载铁锰复合材料.在此基础上开展了为期60 d土壤培养试验,通过对pH、DOC含量、土壤有效态Cd和As含量动态变化,以及土壤Cd和As形态的测定,探究了氧化石墨烯（GO）和氧化石墨烯负载铁锰复合材料（GO-FM）在不同添加比例下（0.1%、0.2%和0.3%）,对上虞和佛山两种理化性质和污染程度不同的土壤中Cd和As的钝化效果,并阐明其相应修复机制.结果表明,与空白对照相比,GO-FM提高了酸性上虞土的pH,但使佛山土pH降低.培养结束后,GO和GO-FM处理均增加了土壤DOC含量.GO-FM使佛山土可溶态Cd含量降低了5.08%~19.19%,有效态Cd含量降低了36.57%~42.8%,其主要钝化机制是静电吸附、络合和羟基化金属离子的形成.而酸性上虞土受静电斥力的影响使得GO-FM对Cd的钝化效果低于佛山土,但随着材料添加量的增加,GO-FM使氧化石墨烯增加土壤Cd有效性的趋势得到了抑制,添加0.2%和0.3%的GO-FM使上虞土有效态Cd含量降低了6.45%~13.56%.同时,复合材料通过锰氧化物对As的氧化作用以及As与铁氧化物表面羟基形成内表面螯合物的钝化机制,促使上虞土和佛山土的有效态As含量分别降低了4.34%~9.15%和0.87%~5.71%.总之,在佛山土中GO-FM对Cd的钝化效果优于上虞土,在上虞土中GO-FM对As的钝化效果优于佛山土.研究结果可为不同类型土壤镉砷复合污染防治提供理论依据和参考.     

基于数值模拟的细水雾在汽车涂装车间喷漆室的应用研究

采用FDS软件对细水雾扑救汽车涂装车间喷漆室火灾的灭火效能进行数值模拟分析,着重探讨了喷漆室纵向通风、细水雾雾滴粒径、雾滴喷射速度、汽车障碍物等对扑灭油漆火的影响。模拟结果表明:在细水雾与油漆火的相互作用过程中,细水雾对火源的表面冷却和隔氧窒息作用显著;为了防止室内氧气得到补充,在开启细水雾灭火的同时应当联动控制关闭纵向通风系统;在模拟工况条件下雾滴粒径为100μm~300μm的细水雾灭火效果优于粒径为400μm、500μm的细水雾;雾滴在一定喷射速度范围内速度越大灭火效果越好,喷射速度为10m/s的雾滴灭火效果明显优于3m/s和5m/s的雾滴,但是为了防止火焰横向蔓延,喷射速度不宜过高;在汽车障碍物火灾中部分微小的细水雾雾滴受到火焰的卷吸作用,可以绕过障碍物进入火区发挥冷却作用,细水雾灭火系统能够有效控制障碍物火灾,可以应用于汽车涂装车间喷漆室。     

土中水平渗流AHFO方法监测试验研究

土中的水平渗流影响着土体的结构强度,受测试技术的限制,目前还缺少有效的手段对其水平运移规律精确测定。采用基于分布式测温技术(DTS)的主动加热光纤法(AHFO),设计室内模型试验,测试土中一维水平渗流过程中含水率的变化,拟合了渗流时间与湿润锋运移距离、累积入渗量以及入渗率之间的关系,并对测试结果进行了评价。结果表明:利用AHFO可对任一时刻的湿润锋位置进行准确定位,湿润锋水平向运移距离与时间的关系满足Green-Ampt模型;利用AHFO法所测水平向含水率分布积分所得的累积渗入量与量筒所测实际加水量之间具有很好的一致性,累积渗入量与时间对数呈线性关系;入渗速率随着时间增长逐渐减小,与入渗时间平方根间可用一反比例函数描述。     

Study on evolution of groundwater-lake system in typical prairie open-pit coal mine area

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Due to the drought climate and a large amount of groundwater drainage, there are widespread environmental geological problems in prairie open-pit coal mining...     

Cu/Cr co-stabilization mechanisms in a simulated Al2O3-Fe2O3-Cr2O3-CuO waste system

• Cu and Cr can be mostly incorporated into CuFe_xAl_yCr_2−x−yO₄ with a spinel structure. • Spinel phase is the most crucial structure for Cu and Cr co-stabilization. • Compared to Al, Fe and Cr are easier to be incorporated into the spinel structure. • ‘Waste-to-resource’ by thermal process at attainable temperatures can be achieved. Chromium slag usually contains various heavy metals, making its safe treatment difficult. Glass-ceramic sintering has been applied to resolve this issue and emerged as an effective method for metal immobilization by incorporating heavy metals into stable crystal structures. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the reaction pathways adopted by multiple heavy metals and the co-stabilization functions of the crystal structure. To study the Cu/Cr co-stabilization mechanisms during thermal treatment, a simulated system was prepared using a mixture with a molar ratio of Al₂O₃:Fe₂O₃:Cr₂O₃:CuO= 1:1:1:3. The samples were sintered at temperatures 600–1300°C followed by intensive analysis of phase constitutions and microstructure development. A spinel phase (CuFe_xAl_yCr_2−x−yO₄) started to generate at 700°C and the incorporation of Cu/Cr into the spinel largely complete at 900°C, although the spinel peak intensity continued increasing slightly at temperatures above 900°C. Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ was more easily incorporated into the spinel at lower temperatures, while more Al₂O₃ was gradually incorporated into the spinel at higher temperatures. Additionally, sintered sample microstructures became more condensed and smoother with increased sintering temperature. Cu / Cr leachability substantially decreased after Cu/Cr incorporation into the spinel phase at elevated temperatures. At 600°C, the leached ratios for Cu and Cr were 6.28% and 0.65%, respectively. When sintering temperature was increased to 1300°C, the leached ratios for all metal components in the system were below 0.2%. This study proposes a sustainable method for managing Cu/Cr co-exist slag at reasonable temperatures.     

太湖不同生态型湖区悬浮颗粒磷空间分布和降解速率

对太湖不同生态型湖区水体悬浮颗粒物含量,有机磷组成及降解特征进行分析,研究了富营养化湖泊颗粒磷性质及其对水体磷循环的影响.太湖颗粒P平均占水体TP浓度的75.86％;不同生态类型湖区间颗粒物性质差异明显,河口区和湖心区的颗粒物含量高于藻型湖区和草型湖区,但颗粒物有机质比例分布却相反.利用³¹P液相核磁共振法（³¹P-NMR）发现太湖悬浮颗粒P的成分包括膦酸酯,正磷酸盐,磷酸单酯,磷酸二酯,焦磷酸盐和多聚磷酸盐6类,含量分别为1.06%,50.99%,33.02%,2.48%,10.68%和3.80%.不同生态型湖区之间颗粒P组成差异明显,河口区正磷酸盐含量最高,达到82.57%,藻型湖区和湖心区颗粒有机磷比例最高,分别达到达到 64.02%和63.95%;颗粒物焦磷酸盐和多聚磷酸盐可能以藻源性颗粒物来源为分别与Chla浓度呈显著相关（P<0.05; P<0.01）.颗粒态生物可利用性磷（PEHP）与正磷酸盐显著相关（P<0.05）,说明颗粒物正磷酸盐是颗粒物生物可利用性磷的重要来源.太湖PEHP降解速率平均为47.3min,PEHP占水体生物可利用磷（EHP）的65.16%,说明颗粒P是水体溶解性反应磷（SRP）补充的重要来源.