Toxicity and subcellular distribution of cadmium in wheat as affected by dissolved organic acids

We aim to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) and citric acid (CA) on the toxicity and subcellular distribution of Cd in wheat. Results show that the toxicity and uptake of Cd decreased with increasing HA. The EC₅₀ values of Cd increased from 3.36 μmol/L to 4.96 and 7.33 μmol/L at 50 and 250 mg/L HA, respectively, but decreased to 1.39 μmol/L in the presence of CA based on free ion activity model (FIAM). HA decreased the relative subcellular distribution of Cd in the heat-denatured proteins (decreased from 54% to 33%) but increased Cd in the heat-stable proteins in root (from 25% to 50%) at 7.61 μmol/L {Cd²⁺} (free Cd activity), which resulted in decreasing Cd toxicity. However, CA increased Cd toxicity due to the increased internalization of Cd although the relative subcellular distributions of Cd exhibited a decrease in the heat-denatured proteins and increase in the granule fraction compared to the control at high-level Cd. The FIAM could not predict the toxicity of Cd in the presence of organic acids. Alternatively, the internal Cd accumulation and subcellular Cd concentration were better to describe the toxicity of Cd to wheat.     

太湖底泥疏浚的水环境质量风险性分析

采用基于因子分析的主成分分析法将五里湖的16个水质参数概括为5个主成分,研究了各主成分以及其综合主成分在疏浚前后的变化,并以此为依据就底泥疏浚对水环境质量的影响进行了评价.结果表明,疏浚过程中,五里湖疏浚区的综合主成分得分最高,为1.15,水质综合排名在最后,水体色度和污染指数(F1)也达到最高值5.0;同时对照区综合主成分得分以及水体污染和色度指数(F1,F2)也相应升高,水质质量明显下降;这说明疏浚运作具有促进表层沉积物发生再悬浮和扩散作用,以及沉积物中内源性营养盐和重金属离子的释放作用.采用Monte Carlo随机采样法,利用平衡分配模型模拟和预测了疏浚过程中悬浮沉积物中重金属离子释放的阈值,结果表明疏浚过程中大部分重金属离子由悬浮沉积物向水体中释放的风险性较高,可信度达到90%以上,尤其是重金属离子Ni²⁺以及非金属污染物As释放的风险性较大,其可能的释放量分别分布在各自地表水环境质量标准EQS的28.6%～+∞之间和34%～+∞之间,说明底泥疏浚具有导致五里湖水体环境质量短期恶化的风险.此外,Monte Carlo随机采样分析方法应用也许可为湖泊底泥疏浚生态风险评价提供一条新的途径.     

玉米中四种镰刀菌毒素系统检测方法的研究

本文用气相色谱仪同步检测霉变玉米中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、二乙酰氧基镳草镰刀菌烯醇、Ｔ－２毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮四种镰刀菌毒素,并筛选出较理想的衍生化试剂和衍生化条件。确定从玉米中对极性不同的四种毒素都有较高回收率的萃取、净化程序。建立了玉米中四种毒素的系统检测方法。本方法对四种毒素的回收率均达到８０％以上。     

洗涤废水化学法除磷试验研究

对Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３，Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２不同反应条件下去除洗涤废水中总磷的情况作了对比试验，结果表明，按Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２：ＴＰ＝３．７：１．０（重量比）投加试剂，回用生成的磷灰石沉淀助凝，ＴＰ（总磷）去除率可达９５％，ＣＯＤｃｒ有少量去除。     

大气污染总量控制规划专家系统中知识库子系统的研究

论述了大气污染总量控制规划专家系统（ＥＡＳＰＴＥＣＥＰ）中知识库的基本设计思想,知识库分为无级知识库和领域级知识库,元级知识库由类文件和元规则文件构成,领域级知识库则文件和参量文件构成,并在此基础上阐述了ＥＳＡＰＴＥＣＰ中知识库演绎推理系统,知识库解释系统,知识库管理系统等的设计与实现方法。     

浙江省酸雨的空间分布格局及其未来变化趋势预测

利用浙江省1992、2002年的酸雨监测数据,并利用RAINS-ASIA模型模拟了1990-2030年浙江省酸雨前体物(SO2)的排放量,以及酸沉降超临界负荷面积占研究区域面积比例的变化情况.结果表明,浙江省的酸雨分布范围不断扩大、危害程度不断加重;未来一个时期内,SO2排放量都会维持在较高的水平;酸沉降超临界负荷面积所占比例在经历较快的增长阶段之后,会维持在较为恒定的水平,并呈现出明显的时滞性.     

湘江霞湾港段底泥的含镉量分布研究

为了研究湘江霞湾港段底泥中镉的含量分布和释放特性,对该河段底泥采样以测定含镉量,并采用Tessier连续提取法对镉形态进行分析测定.结果表明,湘江霞湾港段受到严重的镉污染,其底泥含镉量最高达359.8μg/g.湘江底泥和间隙水中含镉量的吸附-解吸平衡可采用Freundlich吸附等温式描述.对新霞湾和老霞湾排污口附近河流底泥的镉形态分析表明,镉污染物以有机质-硫化物结合态为主,分别占总量的73.3%(质量分数,下同)、65.3%,其次是残渣晶格结合态,分别占总量的26.5%、34.4%.     

净化SO2的生物膜填料塔中微生物类群分析

对净化废气中SO2的生物膜填料塔内的微生物进行了分离纯化并做鉴定,得到一株嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans IEL001）和一株分类地位非常接近链二孢属（Bispora sp.）的极端嗜酸真菌IEL002,生物膜填料塔内的极端酸性环境和有机营养的缺乏导致生物膜上的微生物种类较为单一,多样性程度不高。本研究还发现IEL002自身并不能氧化单质硫,但它能促进Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans IEL001对单质硫的氧化。     

The sedimentation capabilities of hexadecyltrimethylammonium-modified montmorillonites

Natural montmorillonite was modified with a quaternary ammonium compound, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA). The sedimentation capabilities of unmodified and modified montmorillonites were then investigated. The sedimentation velocity of modified montmorillonites increased if the amounts of adsorbed HDTMA were from 0.3 to 1.0 times the cation exchange capacitity (CEC). It also emerged that the sedimentation capability of modified montmorillonites was improved and that the variously CEC-modified montmorillonites had similar sedimentation capabilities after they had sorbed organic matter from oily wastewater. Thus, modified montmorillonites (especially 0.5 CEC treatment) had good sedimentation capabilities for sorbing organic substance and can act as carriers in wastewater biotreatment.     

The effect of conservation tillage in managing climate change in arid and semiarid areas—a case study in Northwest China

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Coastal cities are exposed to high risks due to climate change, as they are potentially affected by both rising sea levels and increasingly...