城市化过程中黑碳的土壤记录及其环境指示意义

以南京市为对象,通过3组共计10个土壤剖面的采样,用湿化学氧化法分析了土壤有机碳（organic carbon,OC）和黑碳（black carbon,BC）的含量.研究发现,南京城市土壤剖面中黑碳含量的变幅为0.22～32.19 g·kg^-1,平均值为4.35 g·kg^-1.第1组城市土壤剖面中黑碳含量的平均值为0.91 g·kg^-1,第2组为8.62 g·kg^-1,第3组为3.72 g·kg^-1.城市土壤剖面中BC/OC值的变幅为0.03～1.59,平均值为0.29,其中BC/OC平均值的大小顺序是：受古代工业活动影响的第2组最大,受现代工业和交通人为活动影响的第3组次之,受古代居民生活影响的第1组最低.研究认为,在城市化过程中,由于工业和交通等人类活动引起的生物物质和矿物燃料（煤、石油等）燃烧产生的BC在土壤中都有不同程度的沉积和记录.BC含量和BC/OC值的大小可能在一定程度上反映了不同人为影响过程和城市土壤的污染程度.城市区域BC的主要来源是矿物燃料燃烧,其中表层（现代层）主要来自交通车辆（尤其是柴油为动力的机车）排放的颗粒物质,而在古代（文化层）可能与燃烧用煤历史有关.     

Methyl tertiary-butyl ether inhibits THP-1 macrophage cholesterol efflux in vitro and accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice in vivo

The biosafety of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), mainly used as a gasoline additive, has long been a contentious topic. In addition to its routine toxicities, MTBE has been demonstrated to disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes as well as obesity. As one of the morbidities related to dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis is worthy of being investigated under MTBE exposure. Since foam cells derived from macrophages play pivotal roles during atherosclerosis development, we studied the effects of MTBE on macrophages in vitro and assessed the effect of MTBE on atherosclerosis plaque formation with the ApoE^?/? mouse model in vivo for the first time. Our results demonstrated that exposure to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations decreased the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, which are responsible for macrophage cholesterol efflux, at both mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 macrophages. Consequently, treatment with MTBE inhibited the transport of cholesterol from macrophages to High-density lipoprotein. ApoE^?/? mice exposed to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations (100, 1000 μg/kg) displayed significant increases in lesion area in the aorta and aortic root compared to vehicle-treated ones. Further analysis indicated that MTBE exposure enhanced the macrophage-specific marker Mac-2 contents within plaques in the aortic root, implying that MTBE could promote macrophage-derived foam cell formation and thus accelerate atherosclerosis plaque formation. We for the first time demonstrated the pro-atherogenic effect of MTBE via eliciting disruption of macrophage cholesterol efflux and accelerating foam cell formation and atherosclerosis plaque development.     

用水氵蚤监测水质

介绍了利用水Sao监测水质的优势及常用方法，探讨了水Sao的实验室培养技术，并了水Sao对污染物的形态、生殖和行为反应，提出利用水Sao监视污水安全排放和生产用水水质的设想。在分析水Sao毒性试验误差来源的基础上，建议对试验生物材料和测试环境进行限定，最终形成操作性强的标准方法。     

会仙岩溶湿地丰平枯时期地下水金属元素污染与健康风险

以我国面积最大的亚热带低海拔岩溶湿地为研究区,对该区不同时期(丰水期、平水期和枯水期)地下水27 组样品中10种金属元素(Cd、Cr、As、Al、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Hg和Fe)进行测试和分析,分别运用综合污染评价法、多元统计分析及健康风险评价模型揭示了丰平枯时期地下水中10 种金属元素的污染特征、分布状况和健康风...     

白洋淀养殖区春季沉积物垂向微生物群落特征及驱动因素

结合16S rRNA高通量测序技术,对春季白洋淀养殖区(后塘和西李庄)沉积物垂向细菌群落演变特征及影响因素进行解析.结果表明:春季白洋淀沉积物环境因子(硝态氮、铵态氮、溶解性总磷、紫外光谱指数、三维荧光光谱指数和荧光组分强度)均呈现显著差异(p<0.05),后塘采样点的硝态氮和铵态氮含量明显高于西李庄采样点;高通量测序得到23527个OTU,共分为11个主要门类,其中,变形菌门占比最大,达到15.33%～50.59%;α-多样性显示除辛普森指数和覆盖率外,ACE指数、Chao指数及香农指数呈现显著差异(p<0.05),并且在后塘采样点高于西李庄;主坐标分析表明,后塘与西李庄采样点沉积物细菌群落存在显著差异,与Adonis分析的结果相一致(p<0.01);RDA分析发现,硝态氮和铵态氮是驱动沉积物细菌群落结构演变的主要环境因素;物种间网络分析显示,春季后塘和西李庄都为8个主要的模块,西李庄正向相关的边所占比例高达84.79%,明显高于后塘的62.82%;西李庄有244个关键物种OTU,也高于后塘的59个关键物种OTU;相关性分析得出两个采样点在主要属和模块上都存在差异,...     

One-dimensional modelling of sediment deposition in reservoirs with sinking streams

It is common in karst regions that rivers are occasionally cut by mountains, resulting in the alternate appearances of open channel flow and pressurized flow. With more and more reservoirs being built in this region, the complicated sediment transport processes of such mixture flow are urgently needed to study. In this paper a one-dimensional numerical model with free surface and pressurized flows coupled together is presented. The simulated results are analyzed to explore deposition process in reservoirs with sinking streams; impacts of different hydraulic conditions on the sedimentation are also studied. To verify the computed results, a flume experiment is also conducted. The results show that deposition of sediments mainly occurs in open channel reaches where the longitudinal profile is similar to that of conventional reservoirs, i.e. typical delta has formed, demonstrating characteristics of deltaic deposition morphology in that the crest of delta moves to the downstream direction over time. The model provided by this paper is not only proved to simulate the characteristics of deposition in karst reservoirs successfully, but also reveal the impacts of hydraulic conditions in such circumstances.     

建设项目环境影响评价软件EIA2000介绍 --气象联合频率的统计

本文详细介绍了建设项目环境影响评价软件EIA2 0 0 0中气象联合频率的统计方法及其统计程序。     

战略环评与可持续发展

18世纪开始的那场工业革命改变了世界。然而那场革命所产生的工业化道路却在20世纪走到了尽头。但是在2002年世界首脑会议上。人类再次达成共识：经济、社会、环境必须相互协调才能可持续发展。与此同时，中国将可持续发展确定为基本战略，并提出了树立科学发展观、构建和谐社会、建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会等一系列新理念。     

再谈废催化剂中金属的回收

介绍了含钯,钴,钼,钨的废催化剂的来源及从废催化剂中回收上述金属的工艺。