基于改进层次分析法的城中村火灾风险评估及防控对策研究

为更好的预防与控制城中村火灾风险,本文将事故树、层次分析法、模糊综合评价相结合,通过FTA建立AHP模型,从防火能力、灭火能力、安全疏散能力、安全管理水平4个维度出发构建了城中村火灾风险评估指标体系,并计算了各评价指标权重,通过实例研究证明,该方法能够较好的分析评价城中村火灾风险安全等级,最后提出相对应的对策与建议,有利于城中村火灾风险的预防与控制,为提高城中村火灾消防安全管理水平奠定了理论基础。     

Estimation of explosion energy based on fragment characteristics

Explosions of vessels containing high pressure gases or superheated liquids are a common accident in the chemical industry. Fragments are the most information-rich physical evidence in accident analysis. A method is presented to calculate the total explosion energy based on the characteristics of fragments from the scene of an accident, such as mass, horizontal displacement, etc. The implicit expressions of the initial velocity can be obtained through analysing the trajectory equations of the fragments and the data obtained from the scene of the accident. The total energy is calculated from the relationship between the total explosion energy and the kinetic energy of the fragment. During the calculation there are some uncertain parameters, e.g., the energy factor and the initial angle. To solve the parameter uncertainties, a Monte-Carlo simulation is introduced. Analysis of an industrial accident shows that it is feasible to estimate the total explosion energy using the maximum probability density interval with the proposed methodology.     

Development of a solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of pentachlorophenol in human plasma using experimental design

A new method, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with in situ derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which was used for the determination of trace amount of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in human plasma was presented. The acetylation derivatization reaction was firstly optimized using a Doehlert design. Then a series of parameters relevant to the headspace SPME procedure, including fiber coating, extraction temperature, extraction time and salt addition, were optimized using a two-level full factorial design expanded further to a central composite design. The validation of method showed that the optimized method had good linearity (R(2)=0.999) within the concentration ranges 0.1-50.0ngml(-1), and was sensitive with the limit of detection of 0.02ngml(-1). Intra- and inter-day precision for pentachlorophenol in human plasma samples were not greater than 11.9% and 12.6%, respectively. The proposed method, to our knowledge, describes the first application of HS-SPME with GC-MS for analysis of PCP in blood plasma sample. Application of the method to real human plasma samples, PCP was successfully detected in some cases at concentration levels 1.2-6.3ngml(-1).     

化工园区区域定量风险评价若干问题探讨

针对化工园区区域定量风险评价中危险源辨识与事故后果分析中的问题进行了探讨。危险源辨识目前广泛采用重大危险源辨识标准,但其仅考虑危险物质的种类及数量。在已有的考虑事故连锁因素的改进成果基础上,提出针对各种火灾、爆炸、中毒事故效应进行规律研究的思路,以完善危险源辨识指标体系。针对目前极端事故后果保守分析方法的不确定性,依据某装置内危险物质的多重特性,提出事故后果效应的转换与叠加思路,以得到更接近实际的事故效应评价结果。提出的改进思想将使区域风险评价结论更为准确实际,为园区的规划与发展提供可靠依据。     

重金属暴露与前列腺癌发生和进展的关系综述

前列腺癌是男性泌尿系统发病率最高的恶性肿瘤.目前关于其发病机制有很多不同的学说,其中环境中的重金属暴露引起前列腺癌的研究逐渐成为研究热点之一.文章重点阐述了镉、砷、铜等重金属导致前列腺癌发生和发展的最新研究进展.研究发现,重金属暴露能够导致前列腺上皮细胞抗凋亡能力增强、雌激素受体增加、DNA甲基化异常、肿瘤干细胞形成,最终导致正常的前列腺上皮细胞发生恶性转化.关于重金属暴露引发前列腺癌的更多机制还有待进一步深入研究.因此,研究环境中重金属暴露导致前列腺癌发生机制对职业性暴露的人群提供健康指导以及预防前列腺癌的发生均具有重要的现实意义.     

Effect of different carbon sources on performance of an A<Subscript>2</Subscript>N-MBR process and its microbial community structure

Effect of different carbon sources on purification performance and change of microbial community structure in a novel A₂N-MBR process were investigated. The results showed that when fed with acetate, propionate or acetate and propionate mixed (1:1) as carbon sources, the effluent COD, NH₄ ⁺-N, TN and TP were lower than 30, 5, 15 and 0.5 mg?L^–1, respectively. However, taken glucose as carbon source, the TP concentration of effluent reached 2.6 mg?L^–1. Process analysis found that the amount of anaerobic phosphorus release would be the key factor to determine the above effectiveness. The acetate was beneficial to the growth of Candidatus Accumulibacter associated with biological phosphorus removal, which was the main cause of high efficiency phosphorus removal in this system. In addition, it could eliminate the Candidatus Competibacter associated with glycogen-accumulating organisms and guarantee high efficiency phosphorus uptake of phosphorus accumulating organisms in the system with acetate as carbon source.

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Flame propagation in hybrid mixture of coal dust and methane

To investigate the flame propagation through hybrid mixture of coal dust and methane in a combustion chamber, a high-speed video camera with a microscopic lens and a Schlieren optical system were used to record the flame propagation process and to obtain the direct light emission photographs. Flame temperature was detected by a fine thermocouple. The suspended coal dust in the mixture of methane and air was ignited by an electric spark. The flame propagation speeds and maximum flame temperatures of the mixture were analyzed. The results show that the co-presence of coal dust and methane improves the flame propagation speed and maximum flame temperature notably, which become much higher than that of the single-coal dust flame. The flame front temperature varies with the coal dust concentration.     

氟铃脲在棉花和土壤中的残留与降解行为研究

利用高效液相色谱分析方法,考查氟铃脲在棉叶及土壤上使用后的降解和残留行为,为安全施药提供依据。采用田间试验法研究氟铃脲在棉叶和土壤中的残留消解动态。氟铃脲在棉叶中的消解动态均满足一级降解动力学过程及其降解常数。按照试验要求,氟铃脲在棉籽中的最终残留均未检出,低于日本规定的最大残留限量值（0.05 mg·kg-1）。该分析方法操作简单,精密度、准确度和灵敏度都符合农药残留标准要求,适用于棉花和土壤中的氟铃脲残留测定;建议2%氟铃脲乳油在棉花上防治病害,用药次数1次,使用剂量是22.5～30.0 g·a·i·hm-2,在棉花上的安全间隔期可定为10 d。     

Pozzolanic activity enhancement of magnesium-rich nickel slag and geopolymer preparation

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The pozzolanic activity of magnesium-rich nickel slag (HMNS) was improved by remelting and quenching method, the changes of mineralogical phase,...