华南山坡地植物生物量的收获和植物资源的持续利用

本文主要从减少因生物量收获所造成的生态系统养分损失，讨论华南山坡地植物资源的利用问题。结果表明，不同的生物量收获方式、收获时期和刈割频率，以及利用不同的植被类型作为薪炭燃料所造成的养分损失有很大的差别。了解这些差别将有助于华南山坡地可更新资源的管理和持续利用。     

红壤丘陵区LAI与土壤侵蚀分布特征的关系

叶面积指数(LAI)是常用的一个用于描述植被覆盖的方面指数,土壤侵蚀的分布又与植被的覆盖状况息息相关,这就意味着LAI与土壤侵蚀有一定的相关性,目前有关这二者的相关性研究还鲜有文献报道。基于这此,本研究首先利用2000年的遥感影像(TM)解释出该年度的土壤侵蚀强度图,再利用该遥感影像通过图像的代数运算得出该地区的NDVI栅格图,通过实测该县不同典型植被条件的LAI值,得出实测的LAI与图像NDVI值之间的函数关系式,由图像的代数运算把NDVI图转换成LAI图,即实现了遥感图像的实测LAI纠正。在GIS软件的帮助下,通过将LAI栅格图与土壤侵蚀强度图的空间叠加分析,得到不同LAI条件下的土壤侵蚀分布。结果表明,LAI与土壤侵蚀的分布表现为:大致以LAI=2为分界线,当LAI<2时,土壤侵蚀并未随LAI的增加而迅速减少,LAI>2时,土壤侵蚀的分布随植被指数的增加而减少,当LAI=2左右时,土壤侵蚀的面积最大。这种情况对于轻度、中度及强度土壤侵蚀的影响是类似的,都呈类正态分布的曲线形式,但在曲线的两侧土壤侵蚀类型是有本质区别的,在曲线的左侧土壤侵蚀类型的分布是中度和强度为主,而在曲线右侧则以轻度为主。表明LAI这个指标与土壤侵蚀有很好的相关性,可以用于土壤侵蚀方面的相关研究工作。     

Fenton反应中水解Fe(Ⅲ)的形态分布特征研究

利用Fe-Ferron逐时络合比色法，研究了不同条件下Fenton反应中Fe(Ⅲ）的水解形态分布与转化规律。结果表明，H2O2和小于0．2mg/L的Fe^2 的存在对Ferron试剂及后续的络合反应没有影响。当水解度相同的，Fenton反应生成的Fe（Ⅲ）比一般铁盐具有更强的水解趋势。Fenton反应生成的Fe(Ⅲ）的水解形态受到H2O2浓度和水解度的影响较大。水解速率随水解度的增大而增大，而高聚合态所占的比例却随H2O2浓度的增大而减少。     

核-壳结构的Fe-FeOxH2x-3催化UV/H2O2降解腐殖酸

采用硼氢化钠还原法制备了核-壳结构的Fe-FeOxH2x-3纳米复合材料,在近紫外光和H2O2催化条件下,对饮用水消毒副产物前驱体腐殖酸的去除比纳米零价铁的去除高.说明零价铁表面铁氧化物能加速界面电子转移,提高反应效率.探讨了H2O2浓度、腐殖酸初始浓度和起始溶液pH对反应速率的影响.研究结果表明,H2O2最佳投加量为5 mmol·L-1,在pH为5～9时,催化剂都显示了较高的活性;腐殖酸不但被脱色降解,而且TOC去除率达到60%,并且生成的中间产物降低了三氯甲烷的生成趋势.     

Bioaugmentation and quorum sensing disruption as solutions to increase nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors treating nitrate-rich wastewater

Bioaugmentation of denitrifying bacteria can serve as a promising technique to improve nutrient removal during wastewater treatment. While denitrification inhibition by bacterial quorum sensing (QS) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been indicated, the application of bacterial QS disruption to improve nitrate removal from wastewater has not been investigated. In this study, the effect of bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 on nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors that treat nitrate rich wastewater was assessed. Additionally, the potential of a quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) to improve denitrification following bacterial bioaugmentation was evaluated. Curcumin, a natural plant extract, was used as a QSI. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and initial nitrate concentration of the influent were 700±20 mg/L and 200±10 mg/L respectively, and their respective concentrations in the effluent were 56.9±3.2 mg/L and 9.0±3.2 mg/L. Thus, the results revealed that bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 resulted in an increased nitrate removal to 82%±1%. Further, nitrate was almost completely removed following the addition of the QSI, and activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase increased by 88%±2% and 74%±2% respectively. The nitrogen mass balance indicated that aerobic denitrification was employed as the main pathway for nitrogen removal in the reactors. The results imply that bioaugmentation and modulation of QS in denitrifying bacteria, through the use of a QSI, can enhance nitrate removal during wastewater treatment.     

基于AERMOD的城市固体废弃物处理场空气污染扩散研究

通过对长沙城市固体废弃物处理场的周边区域地面气象观测和高空气象探测一年的资料进行分析,并结合国家气象观测站网构建了垃圾填埋场的小尺度气候模型,结合观测场气候空间特征,文章研究了固体废弃物处理场周边的小尺度气候条件,并应用AERMOD大气扩散模型,研究并验证了固体废弃场在山地气候条件下的恶臭扩散过程,得出了该污染源恶臭浓度受气候影响较明显,且在气温、风速风向等气象条件,恶臭扩散表现出不同的气候条件下的时空分布特征。     

广州城区生态安全岛森林生物量、叶片滞尘和物种多样性研究

通过样方调查、植被生物量估算和植物叶片滞尘测定等途径,研究广州城区生态安全岛森林的生物量、植物叶片滞尘和物种多样性的作用.结果表明:①生态安全岛植物群落的生物量介于69.61～371.34t·hm-2之间,碳储量介于34.81～185.67t·hm-2之间.随着植物群落的正向演替,生物量和碳储量不断增加.②不同采样点植...     

Prediction of DOM removal of low specific UV absorbance surface waters using HPSEC combined with peak fitting

High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) is used in water quality research primarily to determine the molecular weight distribution of the dissolved organic matter (DOM), but by applying peak fitting to the chromatogram, this technique can also be used as a tool to model and predict DOM removal. Six low specific UV absorbance (SUVA) source waters were treated using coagulation with alum and both the source and treated water samples were analysed using HPSEC. By comparing the molecular weight profiles of the source and treated waters, it was established that several DOM components were not effectively removed by alum coagulation even after high dosage alum treatment. A peak-fitting technique was applied based on the concept of linking the character (molecular weight profile) of the recalcitrant organics in the treated water with those of the source water. This was then applied to predict DOM treatability by determining the areas of the peaks which were assigned to removable organics from the source water molecular weight profile after peak fitting, and this technique quantified the removable and non-removable organics. The prediction was compared with the actual dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal determined from jar testing and showed good agreement, with variance between 2% and 10%. This confirmed that this prediction approach, which was originally developed for high SUVA waters, can also be applied successfully to predict DOC removal in low SUVA waters.     

碳酸钙和硼对棕红壤油菜锰毒缓解作用

对已酸化的棕红壤进行的油菜锰毒缓解研究表明, 施用碳酸钙在提高土壤ｐ Ｈ 和降低土壤交换性锰的基础上, 改善了土壤营养状况, 其中施用０ ． ５ ％ 碳酸钙处理的效果最好, 在这一碳酸钙水平下,土壤硼处于较高的活性, 土壤速效磷钾被油菜幼苗充分利用, 油菜幼苗对营养元素具有最大吸收量,使植株生物学产量达到最大值。酸化的棕红壤只需施用０ ． ５ ％ 的碳酸钙, 其土壤酸碱度便可恢复到正常水平, 如施用更多的碳酸钙, 会造成土壤营养再度失调, 油菜幼苗的生物学产量下降。在施用碳酸钙基础上配施硼素, 可使油菜生物学产量进一步提高, 相应的土壤环境得到更好的改善, 施硼可以降低锰毒植株磷的浓缩效应和提高营养元素的利用效率。因此, 碳酸钙－ 硼配施是缓解棕红壤油菜锰毒的一项重要措施。     

人载脂蛋白A5基因的克隆、表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

人载脂蛋白A5(ApoA5)是血浆三酰甘油水平的重要决定因素之一,与心血管疾病密切相关,因此获得高纯度的载脂蛋白A5及其抗体具有重要的意义.本文利用PCR技术,从人肝癌细胞系7721的cDNA中扩增出ApoA5基因,并克隆到pThioHisD载体中导入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中进行表达.经优化条件,发酵得到高效表达的融合蛋白,利用融合蛋白上的一段组氨酸序列,用镍离子亲和柱进行纯化,得到纯度大于95%的融合蛋白.使用纯化蛋白免疫新西兰大耳兔,得到多克隆抗体,Western印迹结果显示此多克隆抗体能与ApoA5特异性结合.图6参28