碳酸钙和硼对棕红壤油菜锰毒缓解作用

对已酸化的棕红壤进行的油菜锰毒缓解研究表明, 施用碳酸钙在提高土壤ｐ Ｈ 和降低土壤交换性锰的基础上, 改善了土壤营养状况, 其中施用０ ． ５ ％ 碳酸钙处理的效果最好, 在这一碳酸钙水平下,土壤硼处于较高的活性, 土壤速效磷钾被油菜幼苗充分利用, 油菜幼苗对营养元素具有最大吸收量,使植株生物学产量达到最大值。酸化的棕红壤只需施用０ ． ５ ％ 的碳酸钙, 其土壤酸碱度便可恢复到正常水平, 如施用更多的碳酸钙, 会造成土壤营养再度失调, 油菜幼苗的生物学产量下降。在施用碳酸钙基础上配施硼素, 可使油菜生物学产量进一步提高, 相应的土壤环境得到更好的改善, 施硼可以降低锰毒植株磷的浓缩效应和提高营养元素的利用效率。因此, 碳酸钙－ 硼配施是缓解棕红壤油菜锰毒的一项重要措施。     

紫外光助臭氧化处理活性艳红K-2BP废水研究

以 30 0W高压汞灯为光源 ,研究了紫外光联合臭氧化、单纯臭氧氧化及单纯紫外光照处理 4 0 0mg/L的活性艳红K 2BP废水的可行性。结果表明 :光催化臭氧化可加速有机物的矿化。在同样时间条件下 ,三者氧化能力由大至小为 :UV/O3 >单独O3 >单独UV。运用TOC、紫外 可见光谱 (UV Vis)、毛细管电泳 (CE)等分析技术初步探讨了紫外光催化臭氧化活性艳红K 2BP溶液的降解效果及降解机理。     

Biosorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by pristine and CaCl2-modified erythromycin production residues

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from aqueous solutions by the pristine and salt-treated (CaCl2) erythromycin...     

聚吡咯改性废菌渣活性炭的制备及其吸附水中SO42-性能

采用ZnCl2活化废菌渣(MR)制备了废菌渣活性炭(MRAC),再采用聚吡咯(Ppy)改性MRAC制备复合材料Ppy-MRAC.以水中SO42-的吸附量为优化指标,分别用单因素实验和响应面法优化制备和改性条件,并对优化条件下制备的MRAC和Ppy-MRAC进行了SEM、EDS和FTIR分析表征.MRAC最佳制备条件为浸...     

投加不同碱性药剂对管网铁释放的影响

针对不同水源切换可能使管网铁释放增加而引起黄水的问题,搭建了管网模拟中试系统,比较了投加3种不同碱性药剂对管网铁释放的影响. 结果表明:①投加NaHCO₃调节进水碱度,当进水碱度为94~251 mg/L(以CaCO₃计)时,增加进水碱度能够有效抑制管网系统的铁释放,并且出水中ρ(TFe)(TFe为总铁)达到GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》(<30 mg/L). ②pH为7.83~9.01时,采用投加NaOH调节进水pH对管网铁释放无明显抑制作用甚至有所促进;而投加Ca(OH)₂调节进水pH虽然能够在一定程度上抑制管网铁释放,但抑制效果有限,不能保证出水中ρ(TFe)达标. ③当进水中ρ(SO₄2-)较低时,试验后期停止投加NaHCO₃或Ca(OH)₂后,管网系统铁释放能够维持在较低水平;但当进水中ρ(SO₄2-)较高时,停止投加NaHCO₃或Ca(OH)₂后,管网铁的释放又会明显升高.      

基于高分遥感的危险化学品重大危险源安全布局动态管控研究*

为遏制危险化学品重特大安全事故,解决传统安全监测手段的空间局限性问题,结合高分遥感与数值模拟技术,开展危险化学品重大危险源区域安全布局动态管控研究。利用数值模拟技术模拟并确定危险化学品重大危险源重点管控范围;基于高分遥感影像提出适用于危险化学品重大危险源安全布局动态管控的变化检测方法,动态监测安全防护范围内的建筑、道路等人工构筑物的变化情况,严控事故影响范围内的人工构筑物密度;以内江市隆桥化工为实例开展示范应用。结果表明:高分遥感技术能够高效监测危险化学品重大危险源安全防护范围内的工程建设情况,有助于危险化学品企业保持足够的外部安全防护距离,降低危险化学品重特大安全事故风险。     

烟气脱硫工艺的研究

目前工业生产中脱除硫化物的净化技术分为湿法工艺和干法工艺两大脱硫体系。湿法采用不同的脱硫剂,构成不同的脱硫方法。本文介绍了国内外烟气脱硫工艺技术,对比分析了几种烟气脱硫的工艺技术优缺点。     

Characterizing ozone pollution in a petrochemical industrial area in Beijing,China: a case study using a chemical reaction model

This study selected a petrochemical industrial complex in Beijing, China, to understand the characteristics of surface ozone (O₃) in this industrial area through the on-site measurement campaign during the July–August of 2010 and 2011, and to reveal the response of local O₃ to its precursors’ emissions through the NCAR-Master Mechanism model (NCAR-MM) simulation. Measurement results showed that the O₃ concentration in this industrial area was significantly higher, with the mean daily average of 124.6 μg/m³ and mean daily maximum of 236.8 μg/m³, which are, respectively, 90.9 and 50.6 % higher than those in Beijing urban area. Moreover, the diurnal O₃ peak generally started up early in 11:00–12:00 and usually remained for 5–6 h, greatly different with the normal diurnal pattern of urban O₃. Then, we used NCAR-MM to simulate the average diurnal variation of photochemical O₃ in sunny days of August 2010 in both industrial and urban areas. A good agreement in O₃ diurnal variation pattern and in O₃ relative level was obtained for both areas. For example of O₃ daily maximum, the calculated value in the industrial area was about 51 % higher than in the urban area, while measured value in the industrial area was approximately 60 % higher than in the urban area. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of photochemical O₃ to its precursors was conducted based on a set of VOCs/NOx emissions cases. Simulation results implied that in the industrial area, the response of O₃ to VOCs was negative and to NOx was positive under the current conditions, with the sensitivity coefficients of ?0.16~?0.43 and +0.04~+0.06, respectively. By contrast, the urban area was within the VOCs-limitation regime, where ozone enhancement in response to increasing VOCs emissions and to decreasing NOx emission. So, we think that the VOCs emissions control for this petrochemical industrial complex will increase the potential risk of local ozone pollution aggravation, but will be helpful to inhibit the ozone formation in Beijing urban area through reducing the VOCs transport from the industrial area to the urban area.     

污灌水重金属污染阻控材料与技术研究

文章综述了具有纳米结构的粘土矿物(高岭土、蒙脱土和海泡石)、硫化物材料和纳米复合材料的制备及其从水中吸附去除重金属离子机理的研究进展.此外,还比较了多种可应用于重金属源头阻控的技术方案,讨论了适用于农业灌溉重金属阻控的装置组成和净化材料类型等.最后对有待进一步解决的问题和阻控技术发展方向进行了展望.     

Ca(II)在活性污泥生物絮凝中的作用研究

采用4个平行的序批式反应器(SBR),研究了进水Ca²⁺浓度对活性污泥絮体表面特性和结构稳定性的影响,并由此来确定Ca²⁺在生物絮凝中的作用。结果表明：随着进水Ca²⁺浓度的增加,污泥中的Ca含量逐渐增大。进水中Ca²⁺的加入,增大了污泥絮体的粒径和密度,进而改善了污泥的沉降性能;Ca²⁺的加入,使可供结合的蛋白质数量最高增至近1倍,污泥表面疏水性也相应增强;污泥絮凝性能的改善,主要和可供Ca²⁺结合的蛋白质含量增加有关,而非多糖;EDTA通过络合污泥絮体中的Ca²⁺,破坏了由Ca²⁺架桥形成的污泥絮体结构,这说明Ca²⁺可通过和胞外聚合物（extracellular polymeric substances, EPS）中的负电官能团架桥来促进污泥絮体的形成并维持絮体结构的稳定性。