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951.
Jeong-Hun Kim Yong-Chil Seo Deepak Pudasainee Sang-Hyeob Lee Sung-Jin Cho Ha-Na Jang Ju-Myon Park Geum-Ju Song Kyu-Shik Park 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(3):183-190
The development of regulations patterned after the United States’ requirement for maximum achievable control technology (MACT)
to control hazardous air pollutants from major industrial sources in Korea is in progress. Current management practices and
installed air pollution control devices were surveyed; emission tests and continuous emission data collected from facilities
under operation were assessed considering other MACT requirements such as reporting, report keeping requirements. Emission
sampling and air pollutant analysis were carried out at representative hazardous waste incinerators installed with wet-type
and dry-type air pollution control devices. Korean and United States Environmental Protection Agency methods were used for
sampling and analysis. The major heavy metals emitted were Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cr. The heavy metal removal efficiency of existing
air pollution control devices was greater than 99%. The average mercury removal efficiency was more than 30%. Toluene; m,p-xylene; o-xylene; benzene; dichloromethane; styrene; ethylbenzene; 1,3-dichlorobenzene; and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were the major volatile
organic compounds emitted. The emissions from field tests were compared, reviewed, and analyzed with respect to MACT regulations
to check applicability. Finally, draft guidelines were suggested for effective hazardous air pollutant management in Korea. 相似文献
952.
Ji-Hoon Jeong Byung-Taek Oh Jai-Young Lee 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(3):208-213
Most sludge has historically been disposed of in landfills and by ocean dumping but, because of its heavy metal content, this
will be totally banned in Korea starting in 2012, based on the London Dumping Convention. Therefore, treatment and disposal
methods that are environmentally friendlily are urgently required. The recycling of sewage sludge is a good treatment method
for solving sludge problems in an environmentally friendly way. In this study, physical and environmental tests were conducted
to evaluate the feasibility of using the by-products of thermal hydrolysis of sewage sludge as barrier layer materials in
the final cover systems for landfills. In addition, testing methods for freezing-thawing (KS F 2332) and wetting-drying (KS
F 2330) cycles were conducted to assess the effects of cold and hot soil climates starting from pavement. These tests yielded
positive results for alternative materials for the barrier layer in a final cover system for a landfill. 相似文献
953.
Seong Kon Lee Gento Mogi Jong Wook Kim 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2009,22(6):915-920
To provide national energy security in the 21st century, establishing a long-term strategic energy technology development is essential through selection and specialization. We established a strategic energy technology roadmap (ETRM) taking economic spin-offs, commercial potential, inner capacity, and technical spin-off into account. In this research, we suggest an integrated multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, which is composed of more than two criteria as the assessment of the optimal alternatives and solutions in the real world with the fuzzy theory and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to prioritize the weights of energy technologies of ETRM as we allocate R&D budget using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Building technology is the most preferred technology in the sector of energy technologies against high oil prices. And the coal technology and transportation technology follows and take the 2nd and 3rd place with the fuzzy AHP approach. 相似文献
954.
The basis of the manSievert as a unit for collective radiation dose is discussed and previous recommendations are considered for how much should be spent to avert a collective dose of 1 manSv. New calculations are given using the J-value method. It is shown that the value to be assigned to averting a manSievert depends on the duration of averted exposure as well as on the net discount rate and the loan rate thought to be appropriate. Different figures will result depending on whether the exposed group consists of workers or the general public. The variation with dose duration is so large that it is not possible to recommend a single figure for the value of a manSievert. Instead, tables are given at two conservative, loan and net discount rates for the value of a manSievert as a function of exposure time. The base data for the J-value method need to be updated annually, and this means that the values given in the tables will increase over time as people live longer and become richer. 相似文献
955.
Sujeeva Setunge Natalie Nguyen Brendan Lee Alexander Louise Dutton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2009,9(5-6):381-391
Concrete is usually the preferred material for construction of structures in contact with water during their service life. Early age exposure to water is beneficial for curing of concrete structures. However, the pollution of water from freshly cast concrete in contact with water has not been investigated in detail. A significant increase in the alkalinity has recently been observed in a stream in contact with freshly installed concrete culverts. High alkalinity has caused distress to fresh water fish in the stream. A preliminary laboratory study was commenced to explore the effect of leaching of alkali into water from freshly placed concrete. Freshly cast concrete specimens were exposed to fresh water, covering a range of conditions observed in the field such as volume of concrete/volume of water, age of exposure and cement content. Analysis of the results indicated that early age contact with fresh concrete can lead to an increase in the pH levels of water up to 11, similar to the levels of pH observed in pore water inside freshly cast concrete. It was noted that until an age of 4 days from casting of concrete, the age of exposure does not significantly affect the changes in the peak pH levels of water. Continuous monitoring of water in contact with concrete also indicated that the pH levels diminish with time, which is attributed to the possible reaction of calcium hydroxide with atmospheric carbon. The paper will present the experimental study, the results, analysis and outcomes as well as planning of a more comprehensive study to observe possible ways of reducing the leaching of alkali from freshly placed concrete. 相似文献
956.
Jae H. Ryu Richard N. Palmer Sangman Jeong Joo Heon Lee Young‐Oh Kim 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(2):485-499
Abstract: A decision support system for sustainable water resources management in a water conflict resolution framework is developed to identify and evaluate a range of acceptable alternatives for the Geum River Basin in Korea and to facilitate strategies that will result in sustainable water resource management. Working with stakeholders in a “shared vision modeling” framework, sustainable management strategies are created to illustrate system tradeoffs as well as long‐term system planning. A multi‐criterion decision‐making (MCDM) approach using subjective scales is utilized to evaluate the complex water resource allocation and management tradeoffs between stakeholders and system objectives. The procedures used in this study include the development of a “shared vision model,” a simulated decision‐making support system (as a tool for sustainable water management strategies associated with water conflicts, management options, and planning criteria), and the application of MCDM techniques for evaluating alternatives provided by the model. The research results demonstrate the utility of the sustainable water resource management model in aid of MCDM techniques in facilitating flexibility during initial stages of alternative identification and evaluation in a basin suffering from severe water conflicts. 相似文献
957.
Properties of lightweight aggregate concrete prepared with PVC granules derived from scraped PVC pipes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper aims to investigate the fresh and hardened properties of lightweight aggregate concretes that are prepared with the use of recycled plastic waste sourced from scraped PVC pipes to replace river sand as fine aggregates. A number of laboratory prepared concrete mixes were tested, in which river sand was partially replaced by PVC plastic waste granules in percentages of 0%, 5%, 15%, 30% and 45% by volume. Two major findings are identified. The positive side shows that the concrete prepared with a partial replacement by PVC was lighter (lower density), was more ductile (greater Poisson's ratios and reduced modulus of elasticity), and had lower drying shrinkage and higher resistance to chloride ion penetration. The negative side reveals that the workability, compressive strength and tensile splitting strength of the concretes were reduced. The results gathered would form a part of useful information for recycling PVC plastic waste in lightweight concrete mixes. 相似文献
958.
Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent, an endocrine disrupting compound, and an emerging contaminant in the environment. This is the first study investigating triclosan biodegradation potential of four oxygenase-expressing bacteria: Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5, Rhodococcus ruber ENV425, and Burkholderia xenovorans LB400. B. xenovorans LB400 and R. ruber ENV425 were unable to degrade triclosan. Propane-grown M. vaccae JOB5 can completely degrade triclosan (5 mg L−1). R. jostii RHA1 grown on biphenyl, propane, and LB medium with dicyclopropylketone (DCPK), an alkane monooxygenase inducer, was able to degrade the added triclosan (5 mg L−1) to different extents. Incomplete degradation of triclosan by RHA1 is probably due to triclosan product toxicity. The highest triclosan transformation capacity (Tc, defined as the amount of triclosan degraded/the number of cells inactivated; 5.63 × 10−3 ng triclosan/16S rRNA gene copies) was observed for biphenyl-grown RHA1 and the lowest Tc (0.20 × 10−3 ng-triclosan/16S rRNA gene copies) was observed for propane-grown RHA1. No triclosan degradation metabolites were detected during triclosan degradation by propane- and LB + DCPK-grown RHA1. When using biphenyl-grown RHA1 for degradation, four chlorinated metabolites (2,4-dichlorophenol, monohydroxy-triclosan, dihydroxy-triclosan, and 2-chlorohydroquinone (a new triclosan metabolite)) were detected. Based on the detected metabolites, a meta-cleavage pathway was proposed for triclosan degradation. 相似文献
959.
Here we demonstrate a calcifying ureolytic bacterium Bacillus sp. CS8 for the bioremediation of chromate (Cr(VI)) from chromium slag based on microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP). A consolidated structure like bricks was prepared from chromium slags using bacterial cells, and five stage Cr(VI) sequential extraction was carried out to know their distribution pattern. Cr(VI) mobility was found to significantly be decreased in the exchangeable fraction of Cr slag and subsequently, the Cr(VI) concentration was markedly increased in carbonated fraction after bioremediation. It was found that such Cr slag bricks developed high compressive strength with low permeability. Further, leaching behavior of Cr(VI) in the Cr slag was studied by column tests and remarkable decrease in Cr(VI) concentration was noticed after bioremediation. Cr slags from columns were characterized by SEM–EDS confirming MICP process in bioremediation. The incorporation of Cr(VI) into the calcite surface forms a strong complex that leads to obstruction in Cr(VI) release into the environment. As China is facing chromium slag accidents at the regular time intervals, the technology discussed in the present study promises to provide effective and economical treatment of such sites across the country, however, it can be used globally. 相似文献
960.
Sunggyu Lee Sunmi Kim Hyun-Kyung Lee In-Seok Lee Jeongim Park Hai-Joong Kim Jeong Jae Lee Gyuyeon Choi Sooran Choi Sungjoo Kim Su Young Kim Kyungho Choi Sungkyoon Kim Hyo-Bang Moon 《Chemosphere》2013
Breast milk is a noninvasive specimen to assess maternal and infant exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). In this study, 206 breast milk samples were collected from 87 participants during lactation, at <7, 15, 30, or 90 days postpartum in four cities in Korea. The total concentrations of PCBs (ΣPCB) and OCPs (ΣOCP) ranged from <LOQ to 84.0 (median: 12.1) ng g−1 lipid weight and from <LOQ to 559 (median: 144) ng g−1 lipid weight, respectively. The residue levels of these contaminants measured in our study were relatively lower than those reported for European, African and Asian populations. Within a month postpartum typically after day seven the levels of ΣPCB and ΣOCP significantly increased. Some OCP compounds were correlated with maternal age, BMI, parity, and delivery mode. Certain types of dietary habits such as seafood and noodle consumption were significantly associated with ΣPCB and ΣOCP. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of ΣPCB and ΣOCP were 45.2–127 ng kg−1 bw day−1 and 625–1259 ng kg−1 bw day−1 during lactation, respectively, which are lower than the threshold values proposed by the US EPA and Health Canada. The exposure of Korean infants to chlordanes via breast milk had a potential health risk which deserves further investigation. 相似文献