油气田环境监测数据库系统的开发及应用

“油气田环境监测数据库及应用系统”采用流行的结构化程序设计方法进行设计，利用ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥ＋２．１数据库语言、ＴｕｒｂｏＣ语言和汇编语言进行混合编程。系统已在全国２０个油气田和６个总公司直属企业的共７４个单位推广使用，提高了石油系统环境保护工作的现代化和信息化水平。总结了系统的设计开发、功能特点及推广应用情况。     

山东省生态环境承载力评价指标体系探讨

将生态环境承载力划分为资源承载力、环境承载力、循环经济水平和经济社会支持能力四部分,结合山东省生态环境现状,根据指标体系建立的原则,选用了57项评价指标,分层次构建了山东省生态环境承载力评价指标体系.其中,资源承载力选用生物资源、水资源等5大类共10项指标;环境承载力选用地表水、近岸海域等5大类共9项指标;循环经济水平选用资源产出水平、资源消耗水平等4大类共18项指标;经济社会支持能力选用人口数量与素质水平、经济发展水平等7大类共20项指标.     

紫外光度法测定水中挥发酚的研究

在国家标准方法中,测定挥发酚用4-氨基安替比林直接光度法和萃取光度法。但该方法测定范围小,上下限分别是2.5mg/L和0.12mg/L,且4-氨基安替比林、铁氰化钾等试剂不稳定,影响测定结果的准确度,方法繁琐。文章提出用紫外光度法测定水中的挥发酚。此方法不仅使测定范围增大到0.409～120mg/L,减少水样稀释比过大引起的误差及干扰,而且简便、快速、准确。通过实验证明,本方法与标准方法有很好的可比性及重现性。     

含醛废水脱水塔的改造

由于润滑油糠醛精制装置的脱水塔底排放废水中糠醛含量超标,对脱水塔进行了相关改造。从近一年的运行情况看,收到了较好的效果。装置内醛含量明显下降,操作稳定。取样分析表明,废水中糠醛含量大幅度下降,合格率达93.3%。改造前脱水塔塔顶压力为0.03 MPa,改造后塔顶压力为0MPa。脱水塔底排放的废水中醛含量下降了98%,汽提蒸汽量减少了50%,减少了环境污染,每年约获得2万元的经济效益。     

汽车尾气中多环芳烃(PAHs)成分谱图研究

采集并测定了不同型号、油品、里程数的汽车尾气中14种多环芳烃,对分析结果归一化处理后确定其多环芳烃成分谱图.研究表明,汽车在30rmin内排放的14种PAHs总浓度为41.53～121.1μg/m³;其中苯并(a)蒽(BaA)浓度最大,占总量的33.3%;萘(Naph)、苯并(ghi) (Bghip)、茚(1,2,3-cd)芘(In)分别为16.8%、12.9%和12.1%.相同里程数的柴油车排放PAHs总量大于汽油车;除BaA和Naph,柴油车主要排放苊(Ac)、芴(Fluor)、Bghip和In,而汽油车主要排放Bghip、In、苯并(k)荧蒽(BkF).柴油车排放3环PAHs的量大于汽油车,但5～6环PAHs的排放量小于汽油车;随着汽车里程数的增加,PAHs(特别是荧蒽(Flur)、芘(Py)、苯并(a)芘(BaP)、Bghip)的排放总量增加.     

改良型氧化沟碳污染物转化途径分析

改良型氧化沟工艺通过在循环廊道内增设缓流板来调控循环比(循环廊道断面通过的循环流量和进水流量的比值),以此调节好氧区向缺氧区回流的混合液。对比研究了氧化沟循环廊道内增设缓流板前后,污染物碳转化途径的差别。结果表明:增设缓流板调控循环比,有助于提高氧化沟水解有机物和反硝化除磷的能力,促进脱氮除磷过程对含碳有机污染物的利用,从而改变碳污染物在氧化沟系统内的转化途径,优化氧化沟脱氮除磷的整体性能。     

Preparation and photocatalytic properties of porous C and N co-doped TiO2 deposited on brick by a fast, one-step microwave irradiation method

A one-step microwave irradiation method was used to deposit carbon and nitrogen co-doped TiO_2((C, N)-TiO_2) on commercial brick((C, N)-TiO_2/brick). The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible(UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). A selective technique was also used to investigate the concentration of hydroxyl radicals during UV–vis irradiation of the Methyl Orange solution with the as-prepared samples. The C and N dopants enhanced visible light absorption and provided a longer lifetime for the photo-generated electron–hole pairs. The SEM images showed that the as-prepared sample is porous. The dark adsorption and photodegradation test for(C, N)-TiO_2/brick showed good photodegradation and good recyclability. The best photodegradation rate was 94% after 2 hr. The maximum degradation rate was maintained even after the 6th cycle. The good photocatalytic properties are attributed to the enhanced visible light absorption, enhanced pollutant adsorption arising from the porous structure of the(C, N)-TiO_2 thin film, and longer lifetime of the photo-generated electron–hole pairs.(C, N)-TiO_2/brick should have potential commercial applications in photodegradation processes because of its low cost, good photodegradation, and excellent recyclability.     

设施园艺废水处理方法进展研究

设施农业废水由设施园艺废水、设施禽畜养殖废水和设施水产养殖废水组成,是农业面源污染的重要贡献来源。考虑到设施园艺废水排放的随机性、广泛性、扩散性,以及发生时间、污染物浓度、发生源的不确定性等特征,提出了从源头进行控制和从过程进行控制的两个出发角度,即对设施园艺废水从源头进行减量控制的技术和从过程进行阻控的技术,并综述了当前设施园艺废水处理工艺和方法的研究与应用现状,希望为中国设施农业面源污染控制研究领域提供参考。     

Effect of methyl tert-butyl ether on adipogenesis and glucose metabolism in vitro and in vivo

Methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE), as a widely used gasoline additive, is suspected of being environmentally toxic. MTBE accumulates mainly in adipose tissue, but its effect on obesity or obesity-related metabolic disorders has not been well understood yet. Therefore, we examined the effect of MTBE on the adipose function and the related metabolic processes with both 3T3-L1 cell line and C57 BL/6 J mice model. We found that exposure to MTBE at the environmental relevant concentration(100 μmol/L) could significantly induce differentiation of preadipocyte and disturb insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of mature adipocyte.The in vivo observation in male mice showed a positive correlation of visceral white adipose tissue(vWAT) expansion and cell size increase with MTBE treatment in 14 weeks. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests demonstrated that MTBE at 1000 μg/(kg·day)disturbed the systemic glucose metabolism in a gender-specific manner, which might be partly attributed to the alterations of gut microbiota community at genus level with respect to Akkermansia, Clostridium XlVb, and Megamonas. In summary, our study characterized the effect of MTBE on adipose tissue function and glucose homeostasis in vitro and in vivo, and revealed that systemic disorders of the glucose metabolism might be modulated by the related gut microbiota.     

长庆油田采出水处理系统污泥收集及处理

分析长庆油田采出水系统内污泥处理现状,介绍负压排泥和撬装离心脱水组合技术处理污泥的原理、流程及运行情况。该工艺流程在密闭状态下运行,占地少,污泥脱水率稳定,为油田采出水系统污泥处理技术发展和推广应用做了新的尝试。