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991.
从废催化剂中回收铂钯的工艺研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用N-正丁基异辛酰胺(BioA)及二烷基亚砜(MSo)对废汽车催化剂浸出液中的铂、钯进行了萃取研究,提出MSO低酸度二级错流萃取Pd,BioA高酸度二级错流苹取Pt的Pd-Pt分离工艺流程,Pt、Pd的革取率能达到99%以上. 相似文献
992.
本文建立了崂山水库上游区生态环境需水量的计算方法,并计算了该区域的生态环境需水量.结果表明崂山水库上游区生态环境需水量为3089.78×104m3,其中植被生态环境需水量为2792.7×104m3,河流生态环境需水量为291.95×104m3,水库生态环境需水量为5.13×104m3.崂山水库上游区生产生活用水总量为63.67×104m3,多年平均水资源总量为4032.7×104m3,说明从全年来看该区域生态环境需水能够得到基本满足.但径流量年内分配极不均匀,大部分集中于丰水期,枯水期的生态环境需水可能无法保障. 相似文献
993.
Yanhui Wang Pengtao Yu Wei Xiong Zhenxi Shen Mingchun Guo Zhongjie Shi Apeng Du Liangmin Wang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(5):1086-1097
Abstract: The increase of coverage of forest/vegetation is imperative to improve the environment in dry‐land areas of China, especially for protecting soil against serious erosion and sandstorms. However, inherent severe water shortages, drought stresses, and increasing water use competition greatly restrict the reforestation. Notably, the water‐yield reduction after afforestation generates intense debate about the correct approach to afforestation and forest management in dry‐land areas. However, most studies on water‐yield reduction of forests have been at catchment scales, and there are few studies of the response of total evapotranspiration (ET) and its partitioning to vegetation structure change. This motivates us to learn the linkage between hydrological processes and vegetation structure in slope ecosystems. Therefore, an ecohydrological study was carried out by measuring the individual items of water balance on sloping plots covered by different vegetation types in the semiarid Liupan Mountains of northwest China. The ratio of precipitation consumed as ET was about 60% for grassland, 93% for shrubs, and >95% for forestland. Thus, the water yield was very low, site‐specific, and sensitive to vegetation change. Conversion of grassland to forest decreased the annual water yield from slope by 50‐100 mm. In certain periods, the plantations at lower slopes even consumed the runon from upper slopes. Reducing the density of forests and shrubs by thinning was not an efficient approach to minimize water use. Leaf area index was a better indicator than plant density to relate ET to vegetation structure and to evaluate the soil water carrying capacity for vegetation (i.e., the maximum amount of vegetation that can be supported by the available soil water for an extended time). Selecting proper vegetation types and plant species, based on site soil water condition, may be more effective than the forest density regulation to minimize water‐yield reduction by vegetation coverage increase and notably by reforestation. Finally, the focuses in future research to improve the forest‐water relations in dry‐land areas are recommended as follows: vegetation growth dynamics driven by environment especially water conditions, coupling of ecological and hydrological processes, further development of distributed ecohydrological models, quantitative relation of eco‐water quota of ecosystems with vegetation structures, multi‐scaled evaluation of soil water carrying capacity for vegetation, and the development of widely applicable decision support tools. 相似文献
994.
The objective of this research is to explore an appropriate way of monitoring and assessing water quality by satellite remote sensing techniques in the Miyun reservoir of Beijing, China. Two scene Thematic Mapper images in May and October of 2003 were acquired and simultaneous in situ measurements, sampling and analysis were conducted. Statistical analysis indicates that satellite-based normalized ratio vegetation index (NRVI) and in situ measured water chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentration have very high correlation. Two linear regression models with high determination coefficients were constructed for NRVI and Chl-a of sample points. According to the modified trophic state index map, water quality in the western section of Miyun reservoir was consistently higher than in the eastern section during the two months tested. The trophic grade of the eastern reservoir remained mesotrophic with a tendency for eutrophication. 相似文献
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Vandecasteele B Du Laing G Tack FM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(1):329-338
Site-specific hydrological conditions affect the availability of trace metals for vegetation. In a greenhouse experiment, the effect of submersion on the metal uptake by the wetland plant species Salix cinerea and Populus nigra grown on a contaminated dredged sediment-derived soil and on an uncontaminated soil was evaluated. An upland hydrological regime for the polluted sediment caused elevated Cd concentrations in leaves and cuttings for both species. Emergence and soil oxidation after initial submersion of a polluted sediment resulted in comparable foliar Cd and Zn concentrations for S. cinerea as for the constant upland treatment. The foliar Cd and Zn concentrations were clearly higher than for submerged soils after initial upland conditions. These results point at the importance of submergence-emergence sequence for plant metal availability. The addition of foliar-based organic matter or aluminosilicates to the polluted sediment-derived soil in upland conditions did not decrease Cd and Zn uptake by S. cinerea. 相似文献
999.
A method for the measurement of the relative toxicity of Cu2+ in aquatic environments is proposed. It is based on the quantitative measurement on the shape change of the supercoiled DNA after it is contacted with different levels of Cu2+ for various time intervals. In the absence of any redox reagents, all supercoiled DNA degraded into other forms of DNA after 24h incubation in the presence of 5.13 x 10(-3), 5.08 x 10(-4) and 5.35 x 10(-5)mol/L Cu2+. At a lower Cu2+ concentration (10(-6)mol/L), 44% of supercoiled DNA retained its original supercoiled form after 24 h, and 29% after 48 h. The concentration of RC50, i.e. concentration of pollutants at which 50% of the supercoiled DNA was relaxed compared to control samples, can be obtained from the does-response curves at different exposure time, which may provide a rapid and convenient approach to assess the relative toxicity of environmental pollutants. 相似文献
1000.
以聚丙烯酰胺、甲醛、亚硫酸氢钠、二硫化碳、氢氧化钠为原料制备重金属絮凝剂二硫代羧基化磺甲基聚丙烯酰胺(DTSPAM),考察了共存多种有机配位剂(EDTA+焦磷酸钠、EDTA+柠檬酸钠、焦磷酸钠+柠檬酸钠、EDTA+焦磷酸钠+柠檬酸钠)对DTSPAM去除Cd2+性能的影响.结果表明,当含Cd2+水样中共存EDTA+焦磷酸钠或EDTA+柠檬酸钠时,EDTA的存在对DTSPAM去除Cd2+的抑制作用在各个p H值条件下均较焦磷酸钠或柠檬酸钠的影响强,且该抑制作用随着EDTA浓度的增加而增强、随着体系初始p H值的增加而减弱.当含Cd2+水样中共存焦磷酸钠+柠檬酸钠时,其对DTSPAM去除Cd2+的影响较为复杂,促进作用或抑制作用与水样初始p H值、DTSPAM投加量等密切相关.当含Cd2+水样中共存EDTA+焦磷酸钠+柠檬酸钠时,其对DTSPAM去除Cd2+的影响取决于EDTA浓度、DTSPAM投加量和水样初始p H值,在各个p H值下均表... 相似文献