Validation of a flow-through sampler for pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in air

At locations without access to the electrical grid, a flow-through sampler (FTS) collects large volumes of air for the analysis of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). To test its performance under field conditions, an FTS and a traditional pumped high volume air sampler, both using polyurethane foam (PUF) as sampling medium, were co-deployed at the campus of the University of Toronto Scarborough from August 2006 to June 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and various pesticides were quantified in the samples taken by both samplers to test the FTS's applicability to relatively non-volatile and slightly polar SVOCs. Air concentrations in samples taken with the FTS over five 2-week periods compare favourably with the average of the concentrations in several 24-h active high volume samples taken during the same period. In particular, time trends, temperature dependence relationships, and isomer ratios show a reasonable agreement between the two sampling techniques. An empirical linear solvation energy relationship for predicting the apparent theoretical plate number of the PUF assembly used in the FTS illustrates the effect of chemical properties, as well as temperature and wind speed, on sampling efficiency. In the absence of electrical power, the FTS can collect SVOCs from large air volumes as reliably and quantitatively as traditional HiVol samplers, although without separating gas and particle phase.     

大气中氯氟烃类物质浓度变化的研究

通过低温脱水和低温浓缩,建立了用气相色谱测定大气中超痕量氯氟烃类物质的分析。方法,对上海市清洁大气中ＣＦＣｓ本底浓度进行了监测,并与日本东京大学的数据进行了比较。     

医疗废物处理方法选优对策初探

文章从医疗废物处理处置中存在的问题入手,介绍中国当前的医疗废物管理和处置的现状.通过综合比较焚烧处理、高压蒸汽灭菌处理、化学处理、微波处理、等离子处理几种医疗废物处理处置方法,综合评定了各种处理工艺的优缺点,为工艺的选择和确定提供支持.最后,针对中国医疗废物处理处置的情况,提出如何选取医疗废物处置方式的几点建议.     

区域水环境规划决策支持系统初步研究

本文对区域水环境规划决策支持系统的总体结构进行介绍，论述了系统数据库，知识库，模型库的设计思路，结果表明系统可作为水环境规划的有效辅助工具，同时对该系统进一步开发完善了进行了探讨。     

浅谈油气开发与环境安全

文章分析了油气能源现状、油气开发与环境的关系、油气开发与环境安全的关系,油气开发中的环境保护对策与环境监理。得出:油气开发既要做到和谐生产,又要保护环境;在油气开发中,对环境有影响的应加大修复力度,采取相应的环境保护措施,确保有效、长效的环境保护目标。     

NH3-SCR denitration catalyst performance over vanadium-titanium with the addition of Ce and Sb

Selective catalytic reduction technology using NH3 as a reducing agent(NH3-SCR) is an effective control method to remove nitrogen oxides. TiO2-supported vanadium oxide catalysts with different levels of Ce and Sb modification were prepared by an impregnation method and were characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET), Transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV–Vis DRS), Raman and Hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR). The catalytic activities of V5 CexS by/TiO2 catalysts for denitration were investigated in a fixed bed flow microreactor. The results showed that cerium, vanadium and antimony oxide as the active components were well dispersed on TiO2, and the catalysts exhibited a large number of d–d electronic transitions, which were helpful to strengthen SCR reactivity. The V5 CexS by/TiO2 catalysts exhibited a good low temperature NH3-SCR catalytic activity. In the temperature range of 210 to 400℃, the V5 CexS by/TiO2 catalysts gave NO conversion rates above 90%. For the best V5Ce35Sb2/TiO2 catalyst, at a reaction temperature of 210℃, the NO conversion rate had already reached 90%. The catalysts had different catalytic activity with different Ce loadings. With the increase of Ce loading, the NO conversion rate also increased.     

中国植被对氮和盐基阳离子吸收速率及其在土壤酸化中的作用

植被对氮和盐基阳离子的吸收是除酸沉降外另一个重要的土壤酸度来源.本研究基于中国植被的净初级生产力和元素化学组成确定了中国植被对氮和盐基阳离子的吸收速率.结果表明中国东南部,包括东北、华北、华东和华南地区,植被对氮的吸收速率普遍较低,而在中国的西北部吸收速率较高,并且由东南向西北逐渐递减对盐基阳离子来说,吸收速率较高(>2.0 keq·(hm²·a)^-1)的植被有亚热带、热带常绿阔叶林、温带石灰岩落叶阔叶林、温带落叶灌丛和亚热带、热带稀树灌木草原等,它们主要分布在华北西北部、云南南部和海南岛西部,而吸收速率较低(<0.5 keq·hm²·a)^-1)的植被则主要包括分布在东部亚热带地区的常绿针叶林以及分布在西部干旱地区的各种荒漠和草原尽管中国大多数地区不会因为植被吸收而造成显著的土壤酸度增加,但在少数地区,植物吸收造成的土壤酸度输入却不容忽视(>0.5 keq·(hm²·a)^-1)由于这些地区植被吸收造成的土壤酸度输入已经大于或相当于目前的酸沉降水平,而且两者之和也超过了土壤的风化速率,这些地区可能面临土壤的酸化问题.     

沥青混凝土装车烟气的除尘净化和余热回收

针对沥青混凝土装车时冲击车厢产生的大量烟尘和有毒气体治理的这一难题 ,设计了一套环保装置。该装置及其工艺过程包括集气罩、喷射器、燃烧室、废气余热回收 4个部分 ,先后将沥青混凝土装车时冲击产生的大量烟尘全部密封在车厢里 ,并利用引风机喷射造成的负压将烟尘抽出并引射到高温燃烧室中 ,使沥青烟气和空气中的氧气发生裂解、燃烧高温反应 ,保证烟气中的烷烃类化合物以及微粒碳粉完全转化为氧化物 ;从燃烧室出来的废气温度高达70 0～ 80 0℃ ,通过热风管道引入到干燥筒 ,在沙石干燥过程中回收废气中的余热 ,并利用原有除尘装置实现了环保达标、投资回报效益高的双重目标。     

突发性水污染事件污染传导机理研究——以松花江水污染事件为例

基于学术界对水污染的研究成果,以松花江水污染事件为例。研究分析在水污染传导链中存在的污染源、污染传导载体、污染传导节点、污染传导信号与污染传导受害者五大传导要素,进而运用沙堆模型来模拟分析水污染事件中污染传导是如何发生的以及通过构造函数模型来探究河流中污染物浓度变化与时间的关系,进而研究污染是如何传导的。全面研究水污染事件中污染传导机理,以期能在水污染事件频发的情形下,深化对水污染的理论认识。     

Petroleum hydrocarbons and their effects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea, North China

Systematic studies on the changes in concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) and their e ects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea during 1974–2004 are presented. Changes in PHs concentrations were closely related to Yellow River runo . Concentrations of PHs accumulated in fish and shrimp increased by about 0.712 mg/kg dry weight when trophic level of fish and shrimps increased by 1. Attention should also be paid to the high PHs concentrations in mollusks along the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea. Average concentration of PHs in the adjacent coastal waters of Tianjin City during 1996–2005 decreased the population growth rates of fish, crustaceans and mollusks in the Bohai Sea by 2.58%, 6.59% and 2.33%, respectively. Therefore, PHs have significantly contributed to the decline in fisheries in the Bohai Sea, and they must be reduced to realize the sustainable fisheries.