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141.
142.
重庆市的可持续发展与生态环境建设 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
重庆市我国最大的直辖市,长江上游的经济中心,水陆交通枢纽,西部大开发战略的实施给它带来了升载难逢的发展机遇,它将成为开发西部的重要突破口和增长极,但目前严重的环境污染已成为制约重庆社会经济可持续发展的重要因素,本文首先从可持续发展的角度对重庆市生态环境的污染现状及原因进行剖析,分析了重庆市生态环境建设面临的各种机遇和挑战,最后指出了解决重庆市生态问题的主要对策措施。 相似文献
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昆明盘龙江水质的突变性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用紫露草微核技术对盘龙江水质进行监测,监测结果显示整条江水质呈现出轻重不一的污染段面,北仓、洪家村样点水质具有较高的微核率,微核率分别为6.85%,7.50%,城区河段致紫露草微核的潜在性污染物较轻,最低点为油管桥样点,微核率为4.35%,但从整体来看,由松花坝微核率3.20%至滇池的附近洪家村增至7.5%,水体的潜在性致突变物污染程度逐渐加重。这表明盘龙江水体可能存在致突变的危险性。 相似文献
145.
水中不同铅浓度(5—500μg/l)急性致毒使白鲢血液中δ-氨基乙酞丙酸脱水酶(ALA-D)活性随铅浓度的增加而呈线性关系下降.温度越高,铅对酶活性的抑制越明显。0.1ppm汞、镉、铜,0.008ppm滴滴涕和0.84ppm对硫磷急性致毒,除对硫磷外对草鱼血ALA-D活性皆没有显著性影响.锌、镉、铜分别与铅混合,降低铅对ALA-D酶的抑制作用,致毒四天,可恢复甚至刺激鱼血ALA-D酶活性.被重金属(包括铅)污染的S湖中白鲢血ALA-D酶表现出明显的抑制作用,但鲤鱼血ALA-D酶却测不出抑制作用 相似文献
146.
Fan Feng Cheng-Shan Duan Xi Tang Xi Chen Xuan Lu Xi-Lin Chai Qaisar Mahmoo Chong-Jian Tang Li-Yuan Chai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(5):117-127
Biological nitrogen removal process could be affected due to the presence of heavy metals owing to their toxicity and accumulation in the sludge.In this study,the impact of Cu~(2+)shock on a long-term nitritation operation was investigated in an air-lift reactor with selfrecirculation.Both the dynamics of microbial community and inhibition kinetics under Cu~(2+) stress were ascertained.The results showed that Cu~(2+) exerted severe inhibition on nitritation performance of an air-lift reactor(ALR) at 25 mg/L.The corresponding NH_4~+-N removal efficiency decreased to below 50%,which was mainly due to the variation of microbial community structure,especially the inhibition of nitrifiers like Nitrosomonas(the relative abundance decreased from 30% to 1% after Cu~(2+)inhibition).Kinetic parameters were obtained and compared after fitting the Haldane model.The long-term Cu~(2+) stress on the ALR aggravated the ammonium affinity and the resistance to substrate self-inhibition of the nitritation sludge,but reduced the resistance to Cu~(2+) inhibition.Furthermore,Cu~(2+)acted as uncompetitive inhibitor on nitritation process.Our results provide new insights into the nitritation characteristics under long-term Cu~(2+) stress. 相似文献
147.
Richao Wang Zibing Yuan Junyu Zheng Cheng Li Zhijiong Huang Wenshi Li Yan Xie Yiran Wang Kaiyang Yu Lejun Duan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(10):138-150
Speciated characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), from construction machinery and river ships in China is currently lacking. In this regard, we conducted field measurement on speciated VOC (including OVOC) emissions from six construction machinery and five river ships in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region to identify VOC emission characteristics. We noticed that OVOC emissions from construction machinery and ships accounted for more than 50% of the total VOC emissions, followed by alkenes, aromatics and alkanes. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most emission species, accounting for 61.8%-83.2% of OVOCs. For construction machinery, the fuel-based emission factors of roller, grader and pile driver were 3.12, 3.12 and 7.36 g/kg, respectively. With the rigorous restraint by the national emission standards, VOC emissions of construction machinery had decreased considerably, especially during stage Ⅲ. Ozone formation potential was also significantly reduced due to the significant decrease in emissions of OVOCs and alkenes with higher reactivity. For river ships, the fuel-based emission factors of cargo ships and speedboat were 1.46 and 0.44 g/kg, respectively. VOC emissions from construction machinery and river ships in Guangdong Province in 2017 were 8851.0 and 4361.0 ton, respectively. This study filled the knowledge gaps of reactive gas emissions from different kinds of non-road mobile sources over the PRD, and more importantly, highlighted the necessity in adding OVOC measurement to give a complete and accurate depiction of reactive gas emissions from non-road mobile sources. 相似文献
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149.
Zhengzheng Zhang Hong Li Hongyan Liu Runxiang Ni Jinjuan Li Liqun Deng Defeng Lu Xueli Cheng Pengli Duan Wenjun Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(9):71-81
Atmospheric aerosol particle samples were collected using an Ambient Eight Stage(Non-Viable) Cascade Impactor Sampler in a typical urban area of Beijing from 27 th Sep.to 5th Oct.,2009.The surface chemistry of these aerosol particles was analyzed using Static Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry(Static TOF-SIMS).The factors influencing surface compositions were evaluated in conjunction with the air pollution levels,meteorological factors,and air mass transport for the sampling period.The results show that a variety of organic ion groups and inorganic ions/ion groups were accumulated on the surfaces of aerosol particles in urban areas of Beijing;and hydrophobic organic compounds with short-or middle-chain alkyl as well as hydrophilic secondary inorganic compounds were observed.All these compounds have the potential to affect the atmospheric behavior of urban aerosol particles.PM1.1–2.1and PM3.3–4.7had similar elements on their surfaces,but some molecules and ionic groups demonstrated differences in Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry spectra.This suggests that the quantities of elements varied between PM1.1–2.1and PM3.3–4.7.In particular,more intense research efforts into fluoride pollution are required,because the fluorides on aerosol surfaces have the potential to harm human health.The levels of air pollution had the most significant influence on the surface compositions of aerosol particles in our study.Hence,heavier air pollution was associated with more complex surface compositions on aerosol particles.In addition,wind,rainfall,and air masses from the south also greatly influenced the surface compositions of these urban aerosol particles. 相似文献
150.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in background surface soils from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China: occurrence,sources, and inventory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yan-Ping Duan Xiang-Zhou Meng Chao Yang Zhao-Yu Pan Ling Chen Ran Yu Feng-Ting Li 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(4):948-956