基于生物标志物法的珠江流域有机碳溯源及DIC施肥效应研究

内源有机碳由地表水体水生光合固定DIC产生,是岩石风化碳汇的重要组成部分。为准确区分河陆地流水体中的内源有机碳及计算其所占比例,本文选取珠江流域作为研究区,通过不同季节的野外采样调查,利用类脂生物标志物法,结合传统水化学特征,揭示河流中有机碳的来源差异;最终根据有机碳的时空分布规律与水-岩-土-气-生相互作用分析,明确流域岩性及气候变化对碳汇的影响。结果表明:(1)珠江流域水体中冬季和夏季内源有机碳占总有机碳比例的平均值分别为65%和54%,表明水生植物光合作用导致的初级生产力的重要性;(2)内源有机碳比例和水生藻类生物量与DIC浓度和呈现出显著的正相关关系,表明DIC对水生植物光合作用具有施肥效应;(3)雨季因降雨稀释DIC浓度和冲刷外源有机质,对水生植物的施肥效应减弱,生成的内源有机质减少,且携带的外源有机质增加,导致内源比例减少;(4)高悬浮质(TSS)可以遮挡水体表层太阳光,减弱水生光合作用强度,降低内源有机碳的形成;但在TSS浓度比较低的情况下,其对水生植物生长繁殖的影响则体现在为其提供空间和营养物,从而增加水生藻类生物量及内源有机碳比例。     

Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments from lakes and their surrounding topsoils of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to rapid urbanization, industrialization, agricultural development, and mining activities, soil heavy metal pollution has become a severe issue in...     

Bamboo charcoal enhances cellulase and urease activities during chicken manure composting: Roles of the bacterial community and metabolic functions

Microbial enzymes are crucial for material biotransformation during the composting process. In this study, we investigated the effects of adding bamboo charcoal (BC) (i.e., at 5%, 10%, and 20% corresponding to BC5, BC10, and BC20, respectively) on the enzyme activity levels during chicken manure composting. The results showed that BC10 could increase the cellulose and urease activities by 56% and 96%, respectively. The bacterial community structure in BC10 differed from those in the other treatments, and Luteivirga, Lactobacillus, Paenalcaligenes, Ulvibacter, Bacillus, Facklamia, Pelagibacterium, Sporosarcina, Cellvibrio, and Corynebacterium had the most important roles in composting. Compared with other treatments, BC10 significantly enhanced the average rates of degradation of carbohydrates (D-xylose (40%) and α-D-lactose (44%)) and amino acids (L-arginine (16%), L-asparagine (14%), and L-threonine (52%)). We also explored the associations among the bacterial community and their metabolic functions with the changes in the activities of enzymes. Network analysis demonstrated that BC10 altered the co-occurrence patterns of the bacterial communities, where Ulvibacter and class Bacilli were the keystone bacterial taxa with high capacities for degrading carbon source, and they were related to increases in the activities of cellulase and urease, respectively. The results obtained in this study may help to further enhance the efficiency of composting.     

Improvements on physical conditions of bauxite residue following application of organic materials

Soil formation and ecological rehabilitation is the most promising strategy to eliminate environmental risks of bauxite residue disposal areas. Its poor physical structure is nevertheless a major limitation to plant growth. Organic materials were demonstrated as effective ameliorants to improve the physical conditions of bauxite residue. In this study, three different organic materials including straw (5% W/W), humic acid (5% W/W), and humic acid-acrylamide polymer (0.2% and 0.4%, W/W) were selected to evaluate their effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue pretreated by phosphogypsum following a 120-day incubation experiment. The proportion of 2-1 mm macro-aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GWD) increased following organic materials addition, which indicated that organic materials could enhance aggregate stability. Compared with straw, and humic acid, humic acid-acrylamide polymer application had improved effects on the formation of water-stable aggregates in the residues. Furthermore, organic materials increased the total porosity, total pore volume and average pore diameter, and reduced the micropore content according to nitrogen gas adsorption (NA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) analysis, whilst enhancing water retention of the residues based on water characteristic curves. Compared with traditional organic wastes, humic acid-acrylamide polymer could be regarded as a candidate according to the comprehensive consideration of the additive amount and the effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue. These findings could provide a novel application to both Ca-contained acid solid waste and high-molecular polymers on ecological rehabilitation at disposal areas.     

Sulfur deposition simulations over China, Japan, and Korea: a model intercomparison study for abating sulfur emission

In response to increasing trends in sulfur deposition in Northeast Asia, three countries in the region (China, Japan, and Korea) agreed to devise abatement strategies. The concepts of critical loads and source?Creceptor (S?CR) relationships provide guidance for formulating such strategies. Based on the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia (LTP) project, this study analyzes sulfur deposition data in order to optimize acidic loads over the three countries. The three groups involved in this study carried out a full year (2002) of sulfur deposition modeling over the geographic region spanning the three countries, using three air quality models: MM5-CMAQ, MM5-RAQM, and RAMS-CADM, employed by Chinese, Japanese, and Korean modeling groups, respectively. Each model employed its own meteorological numerical model and model parameters. Only the emission rates for SO₂ and NO_x obtained from the LTP project were the common parameter used in the three models. Three models revealed some bias from dry to wet deposition, particularly the latter because of the bias in annual precipitation. This finding points to the need for further sensitivity tests of the wet removal rates in association with underlying cloud?Cprecipitation physics and parameterizations. Despite this bias, the annual total (dry plus wet) sulfur deposition predicted by the models were surprisingly very similar. The ensemble average annual total deposition was 7,203.6?±?370 kt S with a minimal mean fractional error (MFE) of 8.95?±?5.24?% and a pattern correlation (PC) of 0.89?C0.93 between the models. This exercise revealed that despite rather poor error scores in comparison with observations, these consistent total deposition values across the three models, based on LTP group's input data assumptions, suggest a plausible S?CR relationship that can be applied to the next task of designing cost-effective emission abatement strategies.     

Impact of agricultural production outsourcing services on carbon emissions in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Increasing food output while reducing agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) is a major challenge to achieving green agriculture in China. Previously...     

精对苯二甲酸生产企业挥发性有机物泄漏检测与排放估算

采用泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)技术分析了某精对苯二甲酸生产装置动静密封点的泄漏情况,共完成1 367个密封点的现场LDAR检测,测出28个泄漏点,总泄漏检出率为2.05%。其中储存单元的泄漏点数量较氧化单元和精制单元高,泄漏程度也较严重。泄漏点主要集中在法兰、开口管线和泵三类密封点;涉及轻液的泄漏密封点数量较多。依据LDAR检测结果,采用相关方程法估算设备动静密封点泄漏产生的挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放量约为4.999 t/a。法兰的VOCs泄漏排放量最大,约占63.89%,其次是泵和采样连接系统,占泄漏排放量的20.78%和7.89%。     

有机磷系阻燃剂的全球污染现状

作为目前普遍使用的阻燃剂主要种类之一,有机磷系阻燃剂被大量应用于各领域,从而导致了其在环境中的持续释放和分布,由此引发的环境问题逐步引起了人们的广泛关注。本文对全球范围内有机磷系阻燃剂在水体、大气、土壤、沉积物以及生物体内等环境介质中的残留现状进行了分析,并对其生态危害和生态风险进行了总结,同时对目前该领域仍有待探讨的问题及研究趋势进行了讨论。