餐饮业油烟污染及治理技术浅议

餐饮业油烟污染空气 ,影响人体健康 ,应引起高度重视。治理技术设备主要有静电法、过滤法和洗涤法等方法 ,各种设备各有其优点和缺点 ,要不断创新完善 ,尽快使餐饮业油烟达标排放     

微砂+磁沉降快速除污工艺试验研究

为了探讨微砂在磁沉降快速除污工艺中的应用,设计了微砂和聚合氯化铝(PAC)的最佳组合试验,分析影响微砂在磁絮凝中絮凝效果的因素。结果表明:当微砂投加量为300 mg/L,PAC投加量为80 mg/L,磁场强度为300 mT,pH为6时,微砂在磁絮凝中具有最佳处理效果,对TSS、COD和TP去除率分别达到最大值93.66%、74.29%和89.10%。同时在投加微砂和磁沉降的共同作用下,水力停留时间仅为8 min。     

阳离子表面活性剂处理油田含聚合物废水

以7种常见的阳离子表面活性剂为絮凝剂,考察对海上某油田含聚合物废水的处理效果.实验结果表明:一定浓度时,十四烷基三甲基溴化铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵有很好的絮凝效果:阳离子季铵盐表面活性剂加入到含聚合物废水中后,先会与连续水相中的水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)发生静电中和作用,剩余的表面活性剂扩散至油水界面与界面处HPAM作用后破坏HPAM对油滴的稳定作用,从而达到絮凝效果;阳离子表面活性剂的加入量与含聚合物废水中HPAM的浓度密切相关.     

吉林省东部山区干旱时空特征

基于吉林省东部山区13个气象站点1958—2009年逐月降水量数据,采用标准化降水指数(SPI)作为干旱评价因子,对吉林省东部山区干旱程度及时空特征进行分析。在时间上,吉林省东部山区干旱具有持续性的特点,干旱出现的频率在增加。在空间上,发生轻旱的空间分布面积最广,安图县、和龙市、延吉市、龙井市、图们市、梅河口市、通化县和集安市的东南部这些地区轻旱、中旱、重旱的程度均较为严重。     

Start-up of the anammox process from the conventional activated sludge in a hybrid bioreactor

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process was successfully started up from conventional activated sludge using a hybrid bioreactor within 2 months. The average removal efficiencies of ammonia and nitrite were both over 80%, and the maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 1.85 kg N/(m³.day) was obtained on day 362 with the initial sludge concentration of 0.7 g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)/L. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the granular sludge in the hybrid reactor clearly showed a high degree of compactness and cell sphericity, and the cell size was quite uniform. Transmission electron microscope photos showed that cells were round or oval, the cellular diameter was 0.6--1.0 μupm, and the percentage of the anammoxosome compartment was 51%--85% of the whole cell volume. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) indicated that anammox bacteria became the dominant population in the community (accounting for more than 51% of total bacteria on day 250). Seven planctomycete 16S rRNA gene sequences were present in the 16S rRNA gene clone library generated from the biomass and affiliated to Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Candidatus Brocadia sp., a new anammox species. In addition, the average effluent suspended solid (MLSS) concentrations of outlets I (above the non-woven carrier) and II (below the non-woven carrier) were 0.0009 and 0.0035 g/L, respectively. This showed that the non-woven carrier could catch the biomass effectively, which increased biomass and improved the nitrogen removal rate in the reactor.     

大亚湾核电站邻近海域大型底栖生物群落结构分析

2005年3月和7月对大亚湾核电站邻近海域的大型底栖生物进行了调查.春夏季两次调查共获底栖生物75种,环节动物种类数最多;平均生物量为42.13 g/m2,平均栖息密度为128.50 ind/m2.采用Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和多维排序尺度分析大型底栖生物群落,春夏季均划分出三个大型底栖生物群落,丰度生物量比较法分析认为个别生物群落可能处于中度扰动状态.不同季节相比较,大型底栖生物数量差别明显,春季生物种类数、生物量和丰度均高于夏季.春夏季生物群落发生了一定的变化,春季生物多样性好于夏季.     

Lead removal from water using organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and inorganic-organic P-AAF, fixed bed filtration and surface-induced precipitation

Granular porous sorbents were normally used for heavy metals removal from water. To search for the new commercial sorbent and treatment strategy, an organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and phosphorus loading inorganic-organic AAF (P-AAF) were prepared and used for lead (Pb) removal from water. A new strategy of inorganic-organic coupling technology was proposed for Pb removal, based on the hypothesis of surface-induced precipitation mechanism. The AAF showed a Pb adsorption capacity of 417 mg/g from the Langmuir fitting, while the column filtration technology was further applied to measure the adsorption edge and applications. Effects of different initial Pb concentrations, hydraulic retention time, and co-existing P were considered in the filtration experiments. The presence of 0.8 mg/L P in water significantly improved the Pb breakthrough point from 15,000 to 41,000 bed volumes of water spiked with 85 µg/L Pb, while the P-AAF fixed bed showed better removal of Pb than AAF SEM/EDX and XRD spectra were employed for determining the surface functional groups and the formation of surface-induced precipitation of pyromorphite (Pb₅(PO₄)₃OH) on AAF. This study verified the application of AAF sorbent for Pb removal and the enhanced effect of coating P on AAF, thus improved our fundamental understanding and application of the surface chemistry process of Pb with P.     

Preparation of metal-doped Cu–Mn/HTS-1 catalysts and their mechanisms in efficient degradation of toluene

In order to study their synergistic catalytic effects in toluene degradation, CuMn_2O_4/HTS-1(HTS-1 was a titanium silicon molecular sieve), Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Y_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 and Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method.The textural properties, redox properties and acidity of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), H_2 temperature-programmed reduction(H_2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),frustrated total internal reflection(FT-IR), ammonium temperature-programmed desorption(NH_3-TPD) and pyridine adsorption internal reflection(Py-IR) measurements.The potential roles of Lewis acid sites(activating dioxygen) were discussed, and the experimental results indicated that the most efficient route for toluene degradation over Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1(toluene conversion rate of 90%(T99) = 295℃) was ascribed to regulation of the synergistic effects of redox properties(activating molecular toluene) and Lewis acid sites(activating dioxygen).The Mars–Van–Krevelen(MVK) model was adopted to describe the reaction process of toluene oxidation, which gave an in-depth view into the toluene degradation over CuMn_2O_4/HTS-1, Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Y_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 and Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1.In addition, the synergistic effects between redox properties and Lewis acid sites were studied in detail.     

雾化-多相协同臭氧氧化处理硝基苯废水的动力学研究

硝基苯属于典型的难降解有机化合物,通过雾化-多相协同臭氧氧化技术对硝基苯废水的处理效果进行了分析研究.通过对实验中的主要影响因素进行分析,结果表明,液滴粒径对硝基苯降解速率常数具有负相关性;紫外灯功率、活性炭投加量和水温对硝基苯降解速率常数具有正相关性;pH值和臭氧投加量对硝基苯降解速率常数具有最佳值.雾化-多相协同臭氧氧化技术对硝基苯的降解过程遵从一级化学反应动力学方程.经验动力学方程为：C=C0exp（-4.54＆#215;10-6Q0.50G0.31W0.11t）.     

临沂市可持续发展能力评价研究

城市是社会一经济一自然复合生态系统,如何实现城市的可持续发展,是当今世界研究的重要课题之一。本文以临沂市为例,建立了临沂市可持续发展的指标体系,包括经济发展、社会进步和环境保护三类共32个指标。采用全排列多边形综合图示法评价临沂市在各个不同时段的建设成效。结果表明,临沂市可持续发展综合指数2000年为0．16,2004年为0．23,处于Ⅳ级水平,可持续发展能力较差;2007年达到0．34,进入Ⅲ级水平,可持续发展水平一般;2010年将达到0．44,距离理想状态仍有56％的差距,临沂市的可持续发展任重而道远。