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701.
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703.
阳离子表面活性剂处理油田含聚合物废水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以7种常见的阳离子表面活性剂为絮凝剂,考察对海上某油田含聚合物废水的处理效果.实验结果表明:一定浓度时,十四烷基三甲基溴化铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵有很好的絮凝效果:阳离子季铵盐表面活性剂加入到含聚合物废水中后,先会与连续水相中的水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)发生静电中和作用,剩余的表面活性剂扩散至油水界面与界面处HPAM作用后破坏HPAM对油滴的稳定作用,从而达到絮凝效果;阳离子表面活性剂的加入量与含聚合物废水中HPAM的浓度密切相关. 相似文献
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705.
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process was successfully started up from conventional activated sludge using a hybrid bioreactor within 2 months. The average removal efficiencies of ammonia and nitrite were both over 80%, and the maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 1.85 kg N/(m3.day) was obtained on day 362 with the initial sludge concentration of 0.7 g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)/L. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the granular sludge in the hybrid reactor clearly showed a high degree of compactness and cell sphericity, and the cell size was quite uniform. Transmission electron microscope photos showed that cells were round or oval, the cellular diameter was 0.6--1.0 μupm, and the percentage of the anammoxosome compartment was 51%--85% of the whole cell volume. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) indicated that anammox bacteria became the dominant population in the community (accounting for more than 51% of total bacteria on day 250). Seven planctomycete 16S rRNA gene sequences were present in the 16S rRNA gene clone library generated from the biomass and affiliated to Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Candidatus Brocadia sp., a new anammox species. In addition, the average effluent suspended solid (MLSS) concentrations of outlets I (above the non-woven carrier) and II (below the non-woven carrier) were 0.0009 and 0.0035 g/L, respectively. This showed that the non-woven carrier could catch the biomass effectively, which increased biomass and improved the nitrogen removal rate in the reactor. 相似文献
706.
大亚湾核电站邻近海域大型底栖生物群落结构分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
2005年3月和7月对大亚湾核电站邻近海域的大型底栖生物进行了调查.春夏季两次调查共获底栖生物75种,环节动物种类数最多;平均生物量为42.13 g/m2,平均栖息密度为128.50 ind/m2.采用Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和多维排序尺度分析大型底栖生物群落,春夏季均划分出三个大型底栖生物群落,丰度生物量比较法分析认为个别生物群落可能处于中度扰动状态.不同季节相比较,大型底栖生物数量差别明显,春季生物种类数、生物量和丰度均高于夏季.春夏季生物群落发生了一定的变化,春季生物多样性好于夏季. 相似文献
707.
Jinshan Wei Lijie Duan Jian Wei Erhard Hoffmann Yonghui Song Xiaoguang Meng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):135-144
Granular porous sorbents were normally used for heavy metals removal from water. To search for the new commercial sorbent and treatment strategy, an organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and phosphorus loading inorganic-organic AAF (P-AAF) were prepared and used for lead (Pb) removal from water. A new strategy of inorganic-organic coupling technology was proposed for Pb removal, based on the hypothesis of surface-induced precipitation mechanism. The AAF showed a Pb adsorption capacity of 417 mg/g from the Langmuir fitting, while the column filtration technology was further applied to measure the adsorption edge and applications. Effects of different initial Pb concentrations, hydraulic retention time, and co-existing P were considered in the filtration experiments. The presence of 0.8 mg/L P in water significantly improved the Pb breakthrough point from 15,000 to 41,000 bed volumes of water spiked with 85 µg/L Pb, while the P-AAF fixed bed showed better removal of Pb than AAF SEM/EDX and XRD spectra were employed for determining the surface functional groups and the formation of surface-induced precipitation of pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3OH) on AAF. This study verified the application of AAF sorbent for Pb removal and the enhanced effect of coating P on AAF, thus improved our fundamental understanding and application of the surface chemistry process of Pb with P. 相似文献
708.
Jianrui Niu Haobin Liu Hengli Qian Jie Liu Mengyuan M Erhong Duan Lei Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(2):260-272
In order to study their synergistic catalytic effects in toluene degradation, CuMn_2O_4/HTS-1(HTS-1 was a titanium silicon molecular sieve), Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Y_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 and Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method.The textural properties, redox properties and acidity of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), H_2 temperature-programmed reduction(H_2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),frustrated total internal reflection(FT-IR), ammonium temperature-programmed desorption(NH_3-TPD) and pyridine adsorption internal reflection(Py-IR) measurements.The potential roles of Lewis acid sites(activating dioxygen) were discussed, and the experimental results indicated that the most efficient route for toluene degradation over Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1(toluene conversion rate of 90%(T99) = 295℃) was ascribed to regulation of the synergistic effects of redox properties(activating molecular toluene) and Lewis acid sites(activating dioxygen).The Mars–Van–Krevelen(MVK) model was adopted to describe the reaction process of toluene oxidation, which gave an in-depth view into the toluene degradation over CuMn_2O_4/HTS-1, Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Y_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 and Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1.In addition, the synergistic effects between redox properties and Lewis acid sites were studied in detail. 相似文献
709.
硝基苯属于典型的难降解有机化合物,通过雾化-多相协同臭氧氧化技术对硝基苯废水的处理效果进行了分析研究.通过对实验中的主要影响因素进行分析,结果表明,液滴粒径对硝基苯降解速率常数具有负相关性;紫外灯功率、活性炭投加量和水温对硝基苯降解速率常数具有正相关性;pH值和臭氧投加量对硝基苯降解速率常数具有最佳值.雾化-多相协同臭氧氧化技术对硝基苯的降解过程遵从一级化学反应动力学方程.经验动力学方程为:C=C0exp(-4.54×10-6Q0.50G0.31W0.11t). 相似文献
710.
城市是社会一经济一自然复合生态系统,如何实现城市的可持续发展,是当今世界研究的重要课题之一。本文以临沂市为例,建立了临沂市可持续发展的指标体系,包括经济发展、社会进步和环境保护三类共32个指标。采用全排列多边形综合图示法评价临沂市在各个不同时段的建设成效。结果表明,临沂市可持续发展综合指数2000年为0.16,2004年为0.23,处于Ⅳ级水平,可持续发展能力较差;2007年达到0.34,进入Ⅲ级水平,可持续发展水平一般;2010年将达到0.44,距离理想状态仍有56%的差距,临沂市的可持续发展任重而道远。 相似文献