江苏经济高速发展城市香樟树皮中的多溴联苯醚

2009年7月在江苏省南部城市苏州,南通和无锡采集了40组香樟树皮样品,用加速溶剂萃取、气相色谱质谱法测定了样品中8种多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）.结果表明,所有样品中都检出了PBDEs,Σ8 PBDEs（BDE28、47、100、99、153、154、183、209）平均含量为835μg/kg脂重（112～7 460μg...     

Concentration and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalic acid esters in the surface water of the Yangtze River Delta, China

The pollution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in the surface water of the rapidly urbanized Yangtze River Delta region was investigated. Fourteen surface water samples were collected in June 2010. Water samples were liquid-liquid extracted using methylene chloride and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Concentrations of PAHs and PAEs ranged 12.9-638.1 ng/L and 61-28550 ng/L, respectively. Fluoranthene, naphthalene, pyrene, phenanthrene, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate were the most abundant compounds in the samples. The water samples were moderately polluted with benzo[a]pyrene according to China's environmental quality standard for surface water. The two highest concentrations of PAHs and PAEs occurred in samples from Taihu Lake, Wuxi City and the western section of Yangchenghu Lake. Potential sources of pollution at S7 were petroleum combustion and the plastics industry, and at Yangchenghu Lake were petroleum combustion and domestic waste. Pollution in samples from the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal originated from diesel engines. There were no obvious sources of pollution for the other water samples. These results can be used as reference levels for future monitoring programs of pollution from PAHs and PAEs.     

Optimizing the operation of the Qingshitan Reservoir in the Lijiang River for multiple human interests and quasi-natural flow maintenance

For reservoir operation, maintaining a quasi-natural flow regime can benefit river ecosystems, but may sacrifice human interests. This study took the Qingshitan Reservoir in the Lijiang River as a case, and developed an optimization model to explore a trade-off solution between social-economic interests and nature flow maintenance on a monthly base. The objective function considered irrigation, cruise navigation and water supply aspects. An index of flow alteration degree was proposed to measure the difference between the regulated discharge and the natural flow. The index was then used as an additional constraint in the model besides the conventional constraints on reservoir safety. During model solving, different criteria were applied to the index, representing various degrees of alteration of the natural flow regime in the river. Through the model, a relationship between social-economic interests and flow alteration degree was established. Finally, a trade-off solution of the reservoir operation was defined that led to a favorable social-economic benefit at an acceptable alteration of the natural flow.     

改性稻草秸秆对重金属Pb~(2+)吸附作用研究

以农业废弃物稻草秸秆为原料,经过高锰酸钾和乙二胺改性后,制成对金属离子具有吸附作用的新型吸附材料,研究其对废水中Pb2+吸附效果,对吸附过程pH值和吸附剂投加量的影响以及吸附动力学特征和等温吸附特征进行研究,并将改性稻草秸秆用于鲕状赤铁矿选矿废水混凝后Pb2+深度处理。实验结果表明:改性稻草秸秆对Pb2+具有明显的吸附作用;pH在3~8之间,Pb2+吸附率均可达到80%以上;在室温下,pH为5~5.5,固液比为2 g/L时,吸附时间90 min时,吸附率可达98.7%;吸附过程符合二级动力学吸附过程,饱和吸附容量达到156.9 mg/g;不同浓度下吸附量与平衡浓度之间遵从Freundlich经验公式;混凝后鲕状赤铁矿选矿废水中Pb2+经过改性稻草秸秆深度吸附处理后,可以达到国家排放标准。     

昆山冬季一次持续性雾霾天气生消过程分析

选取2016年12月昆山地区出现的1次持续性雾霾天气,对其雾、霾交替过程中所表现的阶段性特征和差异性进行了分析。结果表明:（1）不同程度的雾霾持续约5d,受北方污染气团入侵及冷空气、湿度等条件影响,雾、霾轮流交替出现。（2）与能见度呈现正相关的气象因素有气压和风速;呈现负相关的有相对湿度和露点温度;气温与能见度相关性不明显。（3）颗粒物浓度变化大致可分为前、后2个阶段,当相对湿度增大到接近饱和时,颗粒物并不能无限地吸湿增大,此时颗粒物浓度对能见度的影响可能已不是主要因素。（4）气团后向轨迹分析表明,前期污染物主要来自山西、河南一带,第2次污染气团主要来自西北方向。     

管线渗漏诱发地铁工程事故的安全控制技术研究

在分析管线渗漏诱发地铁工程事故原因的基础上,建立一整套技术措施体系。在这个措施体系中,共包括给排水管线现状调查、给排水管线安全评估、管线渗漏地层饱和范围分析、监控量测、管线保护综合技术措施和工程应急预案建设6个方面的内容。其中,给排水管线现状调查、安全评估和管线周围饱和地层范围分析是做好此项工作的基础。管线变形和地层变形监控量测是管线保护和地层坍塌预防的必不可少的保证手段。应依据不同施工方法,从主动控制和被动控制两方面采取管线保护技术措施及地层坍塌预防和处理措施。而工程应急预案建设是工程安全控制的重要补充。     

SCR氧化燃煤烟气中气态单质汞的研究进展

燃煤和有色金属冶炼是我国两个最大的人为汞释放源,联合选择性催化还原脱硝技术(SCR)和烟气脱硫技术(FGD)可以对烟气汞排放实施控制,是一项有潜力的燃煤电厂烟气净化技术.综述了SCR氧化燃煤烟气中气态单质汞的催化机理,总结了燃煤种类、催化剂种类和烟气组分对SCR催化氧化气态单质汞性能的影响.     

室内电磁辐射的危害与防护——关注儿童健康

现代化的家用设备,为我们的生活提供了诸多便利,却也向我们的家居环境输入了看不见的电磁辐射危害。电脑电视等家电的辐射,对于成长发育中的儿童影响更为重大。家长应该提高对这类危害的认识,并给予足够的重视,以为孩子们提供更为安全的家庭环境。     

城市环境综合整治最优规划模型和应用

本文是将大规模系统数学规则方法应用于城市环境综合规划的探索。通过建立耦合模块把水环境保护,大气环境保护,固体废弃物管理以及经济发展、能源、资源利用等有机地结合在一起,实现了各环境要素真正的综合规划,而不是简单的线性迭加,实例研究定量地考证了水环境和大气环境污染控制之间的相关性,从理论和实践两个方面证实城市环境综合规划的必要性。      

空调房间湍流流场的数值模拟

建立了描述空调房间流场的k—ε湍流模型,并用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS对其进行了数值模拟。结果表明：送、回风口的位置相同,房间的湍流结构大体相似。文中还对房间的给风速度进行了优化计算。