Electrolytic manganese metal industry experience based China’s new model for cleaner production promotion

Cleaner production has long been viewed as an environmental management tool in China and many other countries. This understanding in recent years has become a major barrier that prevents CP from playing its full functions. This article introduces the approach, results and result dissemination of a project set up by the central government of China aiming at controlling the serious pollution of the electrolytic manganese metal industry. Based on experience of this project and our practical experiences of CP audits in more than 200 companies we propose a new model for CP promotion. A preliminary definition of the new model is presented.     

Effect of streambed substrate on macroinvertebrate biodiversity

Macroinvertebrates are important components of stream ecosystems, and are often used as indicator species for the assessment of river ecology. Numerous studies have shown that substrate is the primary physical environmental variable affecting the taxa richness and density of macroinvertebrates. The aim of this work is to study the effects of the characteristics of streambed substrate, such as grain size, shape, and roughness, on the composition and biodiversity of macroinvertebrates. A field experiment was done on the Juma River, a second-order mountain stream in northern China. Substrata of cobbles, hewn stones, pebbles, coarse sand, and fine sand were used to replace the original gravel and sand bed in a stretch of 30 m in length. The sampling results indicated that the macroinvertebrate assemblage is significantly affected by the grain size, porosity and interstitial dimension of the substrate, while it is rarely affected by the shape and the surface roughness of the experimental substrata. Macroinvertebrate compositions in cobbles and hewn stones were stable and changed least over time. The taxa richness and density of individuals in the substrata of cobbles, hewn stones, and pebbles are much higher than in those of the coarse sand and fine sand.     

Recovery of valuable materials from waste liquid crystal display panel

Associated with the rapid development of the information and electronic industry, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have been increasingly sold as displays. However, during the discarding at their end-of-life stage, significant environmental hazards, impacts on health and a loss of resources may occur, if the scraps are not managed in an appropriate way. In order to improve the efficiency of the recovery of valuable materials from waste LCDs panel in an environmentally sound manner, this study presents a combined recycling technology process on the basis of manual dismantling and chemical treatment of LCDs. Three key processes of this technology have been studied, including the separation of LCD polarizing film by thermal shock method the removal of liquid crystals between the glass substrates by the ultrasonic cleaning, and the recovery of indium metal from glass by dissolution. The results show that valuable materials (e.g. indium) and harmful substances (e.g. liquid crystals) could be efficiently recovered or separated through above-mentioned combined technology. The optimal conditions are: (1) the peak temperature of thermal shock to separate polarizing film, ranges from 230 to 240 °C, where pyrolysis could be avoided; (2) the ultrasonic-assisted cleaning was most efficient at a frequency of 40 KHz (P = 40 W) and the exposure of the substrate to industrial detergents for 10 min; and (3) indium separation from glass in a mix of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 38% and nitric acid at 69% (HCl:HNO₃:H₂O = 45:5:50, volume ratio). The indium separation process was conducted with an exposure time of 30 min at a constant temperature of 60 °C.     

解析在科研实验过程中易发生的事故

石油化工科研的试验研究、中试生产场所、试验原料及产品储存等存在着潜在的着火爆炸、中毒、机械伤害、触电等事故。我国＂安全第一,预防为主,综合治理＂的安全生产方针,其中要把＂预防为主＂贯穿于安全管理的始终，就是要采取切实有效的措施，事先对可能发生的事故进行预防和控制。     

环境水样中人工合成麝香的分析方法

采用C18萃取盘富集净化结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),建立了测定城市污水和河水中5种多环麝香和2种硝基麝香的分析方法.水样经C18萃取盘富集后,用正己烷及正己烷、二氯甲烷混合溶剂进行洗脱,洗脱液经浓缩定容后用GC-MS选择离子监测模式(SIM)进行检测,使用AHTN-d3作为替代物标样,其回收率为89.7%—104.9%.以六氯苯-13C为内标进行定量,7种合成麝香的线性范围为0.001—1μg·ml-1,样品方法检出限在1.0—1.2ng·l-1(S/N=5).做空白加标实验和基质加标回收实验,空白加标回收率及实际样品平均加标回收率均在78.6%—106.3%范围内,相对标准偏差在3.9%—8.4%之间;方法准确,快速,简便,可以用于实际水样中合成麝香的检测。     

阿德福韦酯治疗HBV-YMDD变异疗效分析

目的:总结HBV YMDD变异的慢性乙型肝炎患者服用阿德福韦酯治疗效果.方法:选择未接受抗病毒治疗的YMDD变异患者及服用拉米夫定后发生YMDD变异患者共20例为研究对象,均服用阿德福韦酯12个月,治疗剂量为10 mg.d-1.分别于治疗开始及治疗后3、6个月及治疗结束检测ALT、AST、HBeAg及HBVDNA定量并进行比较分析.结果:HBV YMDD变异患者服用阿德福韦酯治疗后血清ALT、AST、及HBV DNA载量均明显下降(P均0.05).到治疗终点,有55%(11/20)的患者ALT、AST恢复正常,45%的患者HBeAg转阴.结论:阿德福韦酯治疗HBV YMDD变异的慢性乙型肝炎患者效果肯定.表1,参4.     

遥感资料在分析城市布局结构中的应用

本文介绍了应用彩红外航片，黑白航片分析呼和浩特市城市居民区、工业区、商业贸易区布局结构的技术。     

环境基本法目的条款的修改动因与方向--兼论生态文明的内在统一性

百年工业文明发展范式对自然环境的持续作用,使人类面临环境与发展的双重危机。生态文明具有内在统一性,环境法制是生态文明的应有之义。环境基本法是环境法制的基石,目的条款是环境基本法的元点。旧的目的条款沿袭工业文明发展范式,将发展经济奉为圭臬,始终无法调和人与自然的内在矛盾。修改环境基本法目的条款,融入生态文明因子具有自内而外、自外而内、自上而下以及自下而上四个方面的动力因素。