高温厌氧颗粒污泥对活性染料的吸附、解吸特性研究

试验考察高温(55℃)厌氧颗粒污泥对活性染料(以活性艳红X-3B(RR2)为代表)的吸附、解吸特征。试验结果表明,高温厌氧颗粒污泥的RR2染料吸附和解吸均符合Freundlich等温式,部分RR2被不可逆吸附;温度和盐度对高温厌氧颗粒污泥的吸附作用均有影响。     

建设项目环境影响评价事后有效性量化研究

对于如何量化评价建设项目环评事后有效性进行了理论和方法学上的初步探索,重点研究了评价基本内容、评价方法、评价指标体系。界定了建设项目环评事后有效性评价的含义,提出理论框架和工作流程,设计了1套指标体系．比较全面、深刻地反映了建设项目环评事后有效性的内涵,由此实现了对建设项目环评事后有效性的量化评价。并通过上海市某区项目案例研究,验证了文章中评价理论和评价体系的可行性和适用性。     

DEHP在土壤和白菜中的残留及毒性分析

用聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）塑膜覆盖白菜地，收获期土壤和白菜植株中ＤＥＨＰ的残留量分别为２．７３ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１和３．０５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１。借鉴国外的评价指标，对人体食用白菜后的潜在危害进行了分析认为，人每天摄入干白菜中ＤＥＨＰ的量〈０．０５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，远低于人每天可接受ＤＥＨＰ的安全摄入量１ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１。     

海洋硅藻细胞表面物理化学特性对镉累积的影响

硅藻是海洋生态系统中主要的初级生产者,在全球碳循环中扮演重要角色。硅藻在镉(Cd)的生物地球化学循环中同样发挥了关键的作用。营养盐、盐度、pH、光照、温度等因子可改变Cd在硅藻中的累积,但其关键过程尚未清楚。借助多功能原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、非损伤微测(NMT)等先进表征手段,可定量研究硅藻细胞的表面物理化学特性。本综述讨论环境因子对细胞表面粗糙度的影响,探索粗糙度-表面功能基团-电势之间的联系,从微观层次揭示硅藻细胞与Cd之间的相互作用,诠释硅藻吸附金属Cd的过程。     

Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing, China

Carbonaceous aerosols and PM10 were monitored from September 8 to November 30, 2002, in a semi-urban site (Tsinghua University) in Beijing. Daily concentrations of OC and EC ranged from 7.1 to 65.9 microgCm(-3) and from 1.3 to 26.1 microgCm(-3), with the overall average concentrations of 21.2 microgCm(-3) and 7.3 microgCm(-3), respectively. The diurnal variation of carbonaceous concentrations on 2 h basis presented two-peak trend, which was attributed to the cooperative effect of local meteorological conditions and anthropogenic sources such as traffic exhaust and human outdoor activities. Daily average OC/EC ratio varied between 1.5 and 5.3 with an average of 3.0. Strong correlation between OC and EC (R2=0.8) indicated that their main sources were common. The frequency of OC/EC ratio presented Gaussian normal distribution trend in fall, of which the peak value appeared in the range of 2.8-5. In winter, it presented bi-peak mode, with the first peak near 1.4-1.6, and the second between 2.8 and 5. The high value (2.8-5) implied the SOC formation in both seasons, and the low one probably suggested the primary OC/EC ratio from coal burning in winter. Averagely, PM10 and carbonaceous species exhibited higher concentrations in Wednesday than in other weekdays, which could be ascribed to the low wind speed (1.6 ms(-1)) and high humidity (62.9%). OC was the abundant component accounting for 76% of TC. OC and EC contributed 15% and 5% to PM10, respectively. The estimation on a minimum OC/EC ratio (1.5) basis showed that SOC accounted more than 50% for the total organic carbon. Even in winter, the SOC contribution to OC was also significant, as high as 40%.     

Atmospheric aerosol concentration level and chemical characteristics of water-soluble ionic species in wintertime in Beijing,China

Total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected during wintertime from November 24, 1998 to February 12, 1999 in Beijing. Ionic species including Cl-, NO3(-), SO4(2-), Na+, NH4(+), K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were determined by Ion Chromatography (IC). The sum average concentration of all the determined ions accounted for 18.9% of the TSP concentration, and SO4(2-) appeared the dominant ion with an average concentration of 30.84 microg m(-3); the sum mass concentration of SO4(2-), NO3(-), Ca2+ and NH4(+) accounted for about 83.2% of all the eight ions measured. The study indicated that the chemical form of sulfate and ammonium varies with TSP concentration levels. During heavy pollution periods, the average TSP concentration was 0.66 mg m(-3), and the NH4(+)/SO4(2-) molar ratio was low (0.58). It indicated that sulfate may present as CaSO4 and (NH4)2SO4 x CaSO4 x 2H2O. When TSP concentration (average 0.186 mg m(-3)) was relatively low, the NH4(+)/SO4(2-) molar ratio was 1.94, close to the theoretical ratio of 2 of (NH4)2SO4. Under this condition (NH4)2SO4 is expected to exist as the major form of sulfate. When the TSP concentration level was medium (average 0.35 mg m(-3)), the NH4+/SO4(2-) molar ratio appeared an average value (1.27), (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2SO4 x CaSO4 x 2H2O and CaSO4 are expected to be present in those aerosol particles. Meteorological conditions including wind speed and wind direction were related to the TSP concentration level.     

液相色谱测定土壤中氟磺胺草醚残留量方法研究

采用甲醇／浓盐酸浸渍振荡提取，二氯甲烷萃取，经弗罗里硅土柱层析净化，用液相色谱法测定。方法的最低检出含量为０．０２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，添加回收率在９５．８％￣９６．６％之间。     

开发楠溪江风景区旅游资源

本文分析了楠溪江风景区旅游资源的主要特征,并针对目前旅游资源开发存在的问题,提出了开发楠溪江风景区旅游资源的对策与措施．     

卷烟包装材料及滤嘴的生物降解性能研究

本研究以目前几种常见的卷烟包装用商标纸、卡纸、铝箔内衬纸、透明塑料薄膜以及卷烟滤嘴为实验材料，采用ATSMD-5338标准方法，进行了为期25天实验。结果表明商标纸、铝箔纸内衬纸和卡纸的生物降解性能比较好，而滤嘴和透明塑料薄膜的生物降解性能比较差。今后研究开发可降解卷烟包装材料应该把重点放在滤嘴和透明塑料薄膜上面。