陕西地震现场应急技术系统在汶川地震中的应用

"十五"期间,国家在31个省(直辖市、自治区)建立了全国一体化的地震应急与救援指挥技术体系,其中包括地震现场应急技术系统.在四川汶川8.0级大地震中,陕西省地震局现场应急技术系统重点完成现场通信保障、协助现场考察等工作任务.通过对现场工作的总结分析,旨在把汶川8.0级地震现场工作中应急技术系统一些好的做法继续发扬,对在实际工作中发现的问题,提出一些改进参考建议,以便日后现场应急系统能更好地为大震现场工作服务.     

Methane emissions during storage of di erent treatments from cattle manure in Tianjin

Many studies on methane emissions from animal manure have revealed that animal manure is a major source of methane emissions to the atmosphere that can have negative consequences for people, animals and environment. In general, the release of methane can be influenced by the type of feed taken by animals, temperature, manure characteristics and so on. This study aimed at quantifying and comparing methane release from dairy manure with di erent piling treatments. Four treatments were designed including manure piling height 30, 45, 60 cm and adding 6 cm manure every day until the piling height was 60 cm. Static chamber method and gas chromatography were adopted to measure the methane emissions from April to June in 2009. Methane emission rates of all four manure treatments were low in the first week and then increased sharply until reaching the peak values. Subsequently, all the methane emission rates decreased and fluctuated within the steady range till the end of the experiment. Wilcoxon nonparametric tests analysis indicated that methane emission rate was greatly influenced by manure piling height and manner. There were no significant relationships between methane emission rates and the temperatures of ambience and heap. However, regression analysis showed that the quadratic equations were found between emission rates of all treatments and the gas temperature in the barrels.     

某定向钻工程中泥浆的配制及注意事项

介绍了某定向钻工程中黏土层、细砂中砂层、粉砂合砾地层泥浆的配制工艺及斜孔段、水平孔段、扩孔段、回拖段施工过程泥浆性能的调整方法。简述了该穿越工程泥浆的混配、回收及处理应注意的若干事项。实践表明,该水平定向钻穿越工程施工质量较好,其安全与环保工作也较为理想。     

中国石化HSE管理系统的现场实施方案探讨

阐述了中国石化HSE管理系统的实施策略、实施流程,总结出一套适合中国石化直属企业的业务管理系统现场实施方案。     

Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of pentachlorophenol based on superoxide radicals

Pentachlorophenol could be photocatalytically reduced with superoxide radicals in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight irradiation.     

老化前后聚苯乙烯微塑料对天然有机物的吸附

随着地表水环境中微塑料的不断检出,微塑料污染受到广泛关注.微塑料是一类比表面积较大的疏水性物质,具有一定的吸附作用,其势必对地表水中的天然有机物产生影响.此外,暴露于自然环境下的微塑料也会受到紫外辐射或氧化等过程的影响,从而改变其物理化学性质,影响其对天然有机物的作用.本文开展了聚苯乙烯微塑料(mPS)经紫外和过氧化氢老化前后吸附腐殖酸(HA)和富里酸(FA)的对比研究.结果表明,老化过程使微塑料的孔隙和表面粗糙度明显增加,比表面积有大幅提高,但结晶度减小,官能团没有明显变化.疏水性的mPS微塑料对HA的吸附效果好于FA,且老化微塑料对两种有机物的吸附能力皆高于老化前,微塑料的吸附能力与比表面积大小呈正相关关系.吸附试验数据皆较好地拟合了准二级动力学模型(R²>0.93)和Freundlich模型(R²>0.91),微塑料对HA和FA的吸附以多层不均匀的物理吸附为主,两者在微塑料上的吸附分别为自发的放热和吸热反应过程.试验微塑料对HA和FA的吸附能力皆随着pH的增加呈先降低后增加的趋势.两种有机物在超纯水和地表水介质中的解吸率具有...     

Atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China: A review and outlook

Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric environment and its evolution are important for understanding the sources, chemical mechanisms, and transport processes of air pollution and carbon emissions in China, and for regulatory and control purposes. This study gives an overview of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China and summarizes the major achievements obtained in recent years. China has made great progress in the development of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment with decades of effort. The manufacturing level of atmospheric environment monitoring equipment and the quality of products have steadily improved, and a technical & production system that can meet the requirements of routine monitoring activities has been initiated. It is expected that domestic atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment will be able to meet future demands for routine monitoring activities in China and provide scientific assistance for addressing air pollution problems.     

Suggestion on further strengthening ultra-low emission standards for PM emission from coal-fired power plants in China

China has established the largest clean coal-fired power generation system in the world by accomplishing the technological transformation of coal-fired power plants(CFPPs) to achieve ultra-low emission. The potential for further particulate matter(PM) emission reduction to achieve near-zero emission for CFPPs has become a hotspot issue. In this study,PM emission from some ultra-low emission CFPPs adopting advanced air pollutant control technologies in China was reviewed. The results revealed tha...     

Key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents in China

Abrupt air pollution accidents can endanger people’s health and destroy the local ecological environment. The appropriate emergency response can minimize the harmful effects of accidents and protect people’s lives and property. This paper provides an overview of the key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents around the globe with emphasis on the major achievements that China has obtained in recent years.With decades of effort, China has made significant progress in em...     

新疆沙湾县城镇人居环境与经济协调发展评价

城市人居环境的改善是经济持续发展的动力和保障,经济发展是人居环境改善的物质基础和载体.城市人居环境与经济协调发展是实现可持续发展的重要途径.以新疆沙湾县为研究对象,通过构建城镇人居环境与经济发展协调度指标评价体系,并运用主成分分析方法和协调度模型,对1999-2008年沙湾县城镇人居环境与经济协调发展水平进行了综合评价.结果表明:10年来城镇人居环境与经济发展协调程度逐渐上升,可以划分1999-2004年缓步上升和2005-2008年波动上升2个发展阶段.目前,沙湾县城镇人居环境与经济发展已到达高度协调状态,处理好两者的关系,使之更近一步达到优质协调,从而实现沙湾县经济、社会和生态环境的协调可持续发展.