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551.
Metallic elements (As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and Zn) in PM10 aerosols were determined at urban and industrial sites, which are affected by traffic and residential sources, metallurgical activity, and petrochemical and steel works. The effect of the long-range transported Asian Dust on the metal content of aerosols was also examined. At the urban sampling site, concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Se, and Zn were assigned to road traffic and combustion sources, Ca and Fe to soil dust sources from long-range transported Asian Dusts, and Cr and Ni to metallurgical sources transported from the nearby industrial complex, based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Enhanced Cr and Ni concentrations at the metallurgical industrial site suggest that local emissions from metal-assembly facilities and manufacture of alloys contributed to elevated levels of those metals. We also observed that petrochemical activities contributed to increased levels of Sb and Zn. When Asian Dust events occurred, Ca, Fe, K, and Zn concentrations dramatically increased compared to values without the Asian Dust. Two different types of Asian Dust events were observed. For the Asian Dust event 1 (4/1/2007), the Fe and K concentrations were much higher by a factor of 2–3 than those for the Asian Dust event 2 (3/2/2008), while As, Mn, and Zn concentrations were significantly higher on the Asian Dust event 2. Backward trajectory analysis showed that for the Asian Dust event 2, the air mass had passed over the heavily industrialized zones in China during long-range transport to the current sampling site, suggesting that the As, Mn, and Zn may have originated from industrial sources. 相似文献
552.
Pal R Kim KH Jeon EC Song SK Shon ZH Park SY Lee KH Hwang SJ Oh JM Koo YS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,148(1-4):109-125
The atmospheric concentrations of several reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) including H(2)S, CH(3)SH, DMS, CS(2), and DMDS were measured concurrently from a series of field campaigns covering multiple locations in the surroundings of a large industrial region (August 2004 to September 2005). These field studies have been designed and undertaken to inspect the concentrations of RSCs in ambient air. The RSC concentrations were found to occur in a highly variable range. H(2)S (1.06 +/- 2.07 ppb) was found to be the most abundant RSC followed by CS(2) (0.84 +/- 0.54 ppb), DMDS (0.36 +/- 1.21 ppb), DMS (0.24 +/- 0.83 ppb), and CH(3)SH (0.11 +/- 0.23 ppb). The RSC levels measured at the study area were comparable to those observed previously from other polluted environmental settings. When these RSC data were examined further in terms of spatial (industrial vs. non-industrial sites) and seasonal (summer vs. winter seasons) grouping schemes, differences in their concentration levels were statistically insignificant in most cases. In contrast, there were fairly strong variations in temporal patterns over a diurnal cycle. If these RSC concentration data were converted to diagnose the malodor strengths, their effects were in most cases insignificant with minor contribution towards odor nuisances. 相似文献
553.
Eun-Jin Yoo Jung-A Lee Jae-Seon Park Khanghyun Lee Won-Seok Lee Jin-Seok Han Jong-Woo Choi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(2):781-789
This study focused on Pb isotope ratios of sediments in areas around an abandoned mine to determine if the ratios can be used as a source tracer. For pretreatment, sediment samples were dissolved with mixed acids, and a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS, Nu plasma II) was used to investigate the Pb isotopic composition of the samples. The measured isotope ratios were then corrected for instrumental mass fractionation by measuring the 203Tl/205Tl ratio. Repeated measurements with the NIST SRM 981 reference material showed that the precision of all ratios was below 104 ppm (±2σ) for 50 ng/g. The isotope ratios (207Pb/206Pb) found were 0.85073?±?0.0004~0.85373?±?0.0003 for the main stream, while they were 0.83736?±?0.0010 for the tributary and 0.84393?±?0.0002 for the confluence. A binary mixing equation for isotope ratios showed that the contributions of mine lead to neighboring areas were up to 60 %. Therefore, Pb isotope ratios can be a good source tracer for areas around abandoned mines. 相似文献
554.
Bong-San Baek Ji-Won Park Byoung-Ho Lee Hyun-Joong Kim 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(3):702-709
Environmental degradation and global warming are increasing as a result of the use of petroleum. Therefore, many industries are seeking more eco-friendly materials that will decrease the level of environmental contamination and economic cost. Recently, the level of coffee consumption has increased rapidly. Therefore, the amount of coffee grounds discarded is increasing. In this study, polylactic acid, coffee grounds and bamboo flour were compounded for green composites. Coffee grounds are used in the recycling of food waste. In addition, 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) was used as a coupling agent. The mechanical strength of green composites decreased with increasing natural filler content. However, mechanical and thermal properties were increased by the addition of MDI as a coupling agent. The hydroxyl groups of natural fillers reacted with the isocyanate group of MDI, and a urethane linkage was created between the polymer and natural fillers. 相似文献
555.
Jong Jin Park Ho-Jun Song Jin-Won Park 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2013,15(1):37-41
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of light gases produced from polypropylene, specifically hydrogen. In particular, we examined the effect of operating conditions on gaseous product and compositions in the catalytic cracking of polypropylene. We also characterized the gaseous product generated from polypropylene cracking. The feedstock (2.0 g) mixed with NiO/SiO2–Al2O3 (Si–Al) was used, under non-isothermal conditions at low temperature range between 380 and 500 °C. Argon gas was used to carry the pyrolyzed gas, and the gas collected in a tedlar bag was analyzed for its behavior. We observed the behavior of major gases (H2, CH4, C2H4 and C3H6, etc.) according to reaction time and temperature. Finally, the effect of reaction conditions on evolved gases from catalytic cracking of polypropylene was analyzed. 相似文献
556.
Spatial Prediction of Ground Subsidence Susceptibility Using an Artificial Neural Network 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ground subsidence in abandoned underground coal mine areas can result in loss of life and property. We analyzed ground subsidence
susceptibility (GSS) around abandoned coal mines in Jeong-am, Gangwon-do, South Korea, using artificial neural network (ANN)
and geographic information system approaches. Spatial data of subsidence area, topography, and geology, as well as various
ground-engineering data, were collected and used to create a raster database of relevant factors for a GSS map. Eight major
factors causing ground subsidence were extracted from the existing ground subsidence area: slope, depth of coal mine, distance
from pit, groundwater depth, rock-mass rating, distance from fault, geology, and land use. Areas of ground subsidence were
randomly divided into a training set to analyze GSS using the ANN and a test set to validate the predicted GSS map. Weights
of each factor’s relative importance were determined by the back-propagation training algorithms and applied to the input
factor. The GSS was then calculated using the weights, and GSS maps were created. The process was repeated ten times to check
the stability of analysis model using a different training data set. The map was validated using area-under-the-curve analysis
with the ground subsidence areas that had not been used to train the model. The validation showed prediction accuracies between
94.84 and 95.98%, representing overall satisfactory agreement. Among the input factors, “distance from fault” had the highest
average weight (i.e., 1.5477), indicating that this factor was most important. The generated maps can be used to estimate
hazards to people, property, and existing infrastructure, such as the transportation network, and as part of land-use and
infrastructure planning. 相似文献
557.
Comparisons of polybrominated diphenyl ethers levels in paired South Korean cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim TH Bang du Y Lim HJ Won AJ Ahn MY Patra N Chung KK Kwack SJ Park KL Han SY Choi WS Han JY Lee BM Oh JE Yoon JH Lee J Kim HS 《Chemosphere》2012,87(1):97-104
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), commonly used flame retardants, have been reported as potential endocrine disruptor and neurodevelopmental toxicants, thus giving rise to the public health concern. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between umbilical cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk concentrations of PBDEs in South Korean. We assessed PBDE levels in paired samples of umbilical cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk. The levels of seven PBDE congeners were measured in 21 paired samples collected from the Cheil Woman’s Hospital (Seoul, Korea) in 2008. We also measured thyroid hormones levels in maternal and cord blood to assess the association between PBDEs exposure and thyroid hormone levels. However, there was no correlation between serum thyroxin (T4) and total PBDEs concentrations. The total PBDEs concentrations in the umbilical cord blood, maternal blood, and breast milk were 10.7 ± 5.1 ng g−1 lipid, 7.7 ± 4.2 ng g−1 lipid, and 3.0 ± 1.8 ng g−1 lipid, respectively. The ranges of total PBDE concentrations observed were 2.28-30.94 ng g−1 lipid in umbilical cord blood, 1.8-17.66 ng g−1 lipid in maternal blood, and 1.08-8.66 ng g−1 lipid in breast milk. BDE-47 (45-73% of total PBDEs) was observed to be present dominantly in all samples, followed by BDE-153. A strong correlation was found for major BDE-congeners between breast milk and cord blood or maternal blood and cord blood samples. The measurement of PBDEs concentrations in maternal blood or breast milk may help to determine the concentration of PBDEs in infant. 相似文献
558.
Increasing concerns about the spread of airborne pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) have attracted public attention to bioaerosols and protection against them. The airborne pathogens are likely to be expelled from coughing or speaking, so the physical data of the exhaled particles plays a key role in analyzing the pathway of airborne viruses. The objective of this study was to analyze the initial velocity and the angle of the exhaled airflow from coughing and speaking of 17 males and 9 females using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and acrylic indoor chamber. The results showed that the average initial coughing velocity was 15.3 m/s for the males and 10.6 m/s for the females, while the average initial speaking velocity was 4.07 m/s and 2.31 m/s respectively. The angle of the exhaled air from coughing was around 38° for the males and 32° for the females, while that of the exhaled air from speaking was around 49° and 78° respectively. Also, the linear relation between the tested subject’s height and their coughing and speaking velocity was shown in this study. 相似文献
559.