高铁酸盐处理有机废水的研究进展

综述了高铁酸盐去除水中藻类、细菌、烃类衍生物、药品、农药、染料等有机污染物的国内外最新研究进展,并对高铁酸盐的高效利用进行了探讨。高铁酸盐可破坏藻类和细菌细胞的完整性,将大分子芳香烃衍生物氧化为低毒的小分子中间体,将小分子链烃衍生物矿化,破坏药品、农药及染料的不饱和双键。无机矿物在溶液中负载高铁酸盐或将高分子有机物与固体高铁酸盐混合造粒,将是高铁酸盐高效利用领域的研究热点。     

Impact of Growing Income Inequality on Sustainable Development in China： A Provincial-level Analysis

A growing body of literature has documented the rapidly increasing income disparities that accompanied China＇s economic growth in the 1980s and 1990s, and the driving factors behind this. Growing income inequality in its turn may have important implications for the accumulation of physical capital, human capital, and natural capital and as a consequence for sustainable economic development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential impact of income inequality on savings, human resources and the environment in China. It starts with an overview of the different causal mechanisms through which income inequality may affect the accumulation of physical capital, human capital, and natural capital, and discusses to what extent these causal relationships may be relevant in the case of China. Next, provincial data for the year 2002 are used to explore the relationship between income inequality and different elements of sustainable development in China. It is found that income inequality does not affect aggregate savings levels. Rising inequality, however, contributes to lower health and possibly also to higher fertility levels. It also lowers the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and therefore is likely to reduce water pollution. Other types of environmental degradation are not affected.     

炼油污水回用处理RO系统的稳定运行及维护

文章介绍了兰州石化公司炼油污水深度处理反渗透(RO)系统的工艺流程及维护。通过进出水电导率、产水回收率等变化情况,分析了RO系统的运行状况。得知:运用此系统,反渗透系统产水回收率达到65%～70%,系统脱盐率在99%以上,产水可以满足一级除盐水要求,实现了装置稳定运行的目标。     

温度、氨对鲢、鳙、草、鲤鱼的影响

为制定热排放标准的需要,用动态实验和静态实验方法研究了热冲击与氨对鲢、鳙、草、鲤鱼的急性和亚急性效应。结果表明：选择温度与起始致死温度（TL₅₀）值随着驯化温度的升高而增大,鳙鱼对热冲击的反应较敏感。氨对鲢、鳙、鲤鱼的急性毒性（96h）LC₅₀值分别为0.38、0.30、0.66mgNH₃/L（非离解氨）。水温升高5℃,鲤鱼的（96h）LC₅₀。值从0.66mgNH₃/L下降到0.44mgNH₃/L,热冲击明显提高了氨对鲤鱼的毒性。氨对鲤鱼的亚急性毒性结果表明,鳃、肝组织出现了病理改变。以上室内实验结果可作为评价监测热污染水质的科学依据。     

Effect of AlCl3 concentration on nanoparticle removal by coagulation

In recent years, engineered nanoparticles, as a new group of contaminants emerging in natural water, have been given more attention. In order to understand the behavior of nanoparticles in the conventional water treatment process, three kinds of nanoparticle suspensions, namely multi-walled carbon nanotube-humic acid (MWCNT-HA), multi-walled carbon nanotube-N,N-dimethylformamide (MWCNT-DMF) and nanoTiO₂-humic acid (TiO₂-HA) were employed to investigate their coagulation removal efficiencies with varying aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) concentrations. Results showed that nanoparticle removal rate curves had a reverse “U” shape with increasing concentration of aluminum ion (Al^3 +). More than 90% of nanoparticles could be effectively removed by an appropriate Al^3 + concentration. At higher Al^3 + concentration, nanoparticles would be restabilized. The hydrodynamic particle size of nanoparticles was found to be the crucial factor influencing the effective concentration range (ECR) of Al^3 + for nanoparticle removal. The ECR of Al^3 + followed the order MWCNT-DMF > MWCNT-HA > TiO₂-HA, which is the reverse of the nanoparticle size trend. At a given concentration, smaller nanoparticles carry more surface charges, and thus consume more coagulants for neutralization. Therefore, over-saturation occurred at relatively higher Al^3 + concentration and a wider ECR was obtained. The ECR became broader with increasing pH because of the smaller hydrodynamic particle size of nanoparticles at higher pH values. A high ionic strength of NaCl can also widen the ECR due to its strong potential to compress the electric double layer. It was concluded that it is important to adjust the dose of Al^3 + in the ECR for nanoparticle removal in water treatment.     

孕哺期全氟辛烷磺酸暴露对子代大鼠糖代谢的影响

探讨孕哺期全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)暴露对子代大鼠成年后糖代谢稳态的影响。Wistar孕鼠随机分组,自孕0天(GD0)起分别以0 mg·kg^-1(对照组)、4 mg·kg^-1(低剂量组)和8 mg·kg^-1 (高剂量组) PFOS(以饲料中PFOS计)经口染毒至仔鼠出生后21天(PND21)断乳为止。高效液相/质谱法检测PND1、PND21和PND42时仔鼠血清PFOS含量。检测仔鼠断乳后第8周和第18周时空腹血糖和胰岛素水平计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);比较仔鼠口服糖耐量及肝脏糖代谢关键酶表达水平改变。结果显示：发育期PFOS暴露导致仔鼠出现血清中PFOS蓄积,以PND21时浓度最高,在低剂量组和高剂量组中分别为(7.77±1.45) μg·mL^-1和(5.09±0.57) μg·mL^-1。与对照组相比,不同剂量组仔鼠在断乳前后均出现明显体重降低,并在成年后出现高胰岛素血症,但PFOS仅在雄性仔鼠中引起了血糖升高。18周龄时口服糖耐量结果显示,PFOS暴露使雄性仔鼠在该阶段出现糖耐量受损,同时造成过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ协同刺激因子(PGC-1)、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)表达水平的显著增高以及葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6P)表达水平的显著降低。以上结果说明PFOS孕哺期暴露可引起子代成年后糖代谢失调,有增加糖尿病患病风险可能。     

变压器绕组变形的综合分析方法

气相色谱法、频响法及短路阻抗法是测试变压器绕组是否变形的重要手段,但单一的试验方法和试验数据对判断绕组变形存在一定的局限性。结合现场实际,提出应用色谱法进行检测后,再结合频响法和短路阻抗法进行分析的综合方法。应用结果表明:变压器绕组变形的综合分析方法能够有效、准确判断绕组的状态。     

电除尘器气流分布试验研究和数值计算

结合660 WM机组电除尘器的设计要求,对电除尘器内气流流动进行了数值模拟与试验研究.计算中选择SIMPLE方法求解三维雷诺平均方程和κ-ε两方程湍流模型.研究结果表明,无论电除尘器两室流量分配还是第一电场进口断面气流分布,计算结果与试验吻合较好,数值计算结果可以指导电除尘器设计与模型试验研究.     

西安市大气中多环芳烃的季节变化及健康风险评价

对西安市2009年6月-2010年5月空气中的总悬浮颗粒（TSP）和气态样品进行了连续采样,利用GC—MS对16种PAHs进行分析。∑PAHs浓度（气相＋颗粒相）范围为39．93～1032．46ng／m^3,平均值为197．34ng／m^3;其中,冬季大气中∑PAHs浓度最大,相对浓度的范围为31．21％～72．98％,而夏季的浓度最小;检测出16种2～6环的PAHs,其中以3—4环为主。利用特征分子比值法和因子分析进行源解析,发现研究区PAHs的主要来源为燃煤和机动车尾气排放。通过苯并（a）芘（BaP）等效毒性（BEQ）和苯并（a）芘等效致癌浓度（BaPE）进行健康风险评价,结果显示,西安大气中PAHs的毒性具有明显的季节差异,特别是秋季和冬季大气中PAHs对人类的健康存在较大的潜在威胁。     

植物对潜流人工湿地净化微污染水效果的影响研究

以4种湿地植物为实验对象,在野外构建中试潜流人工湿地,研究了不同植物及植物连根收割对湿地运行效果的影响。结果显示,植物明显提升了湿地的去污效果;其中美人蕉湿地的TP和NH4+-N去除率最高,达到55.6%和78%;空心菜湿地的TN去除率最高,达到80.5%;芦竹湿地的COD去除率最高,为26.6%;植物连根收割后,湿地运行效果下降;其中TN去除率降至空白水平之下,而其他污染指标下降至略高于空白的水平。