Analyzing pedestrian crash injury severity under different weather conditions

Objective: Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users due to the lack of mass, speed, and protection compared to other types of road users. Adverse weather conditions may reduce road friction and visibility and thus increase crash risk. There is limited evidence and considerable discrepancy with regard to impacts of weather conditions on injury severity in the literature. This article investigated factors affecting pedestrian injury severity level under different weather conditions based on a publicly available accident database in Great Britain.

Method: Accident data from Great Britain that are publicly available through the STATS19 database were analyzed. Factors associated with pedestrian, driver, and environment were investigated using a novel approach that combines a classification and regression tree with random forest approach.

Results: Significant severity predictors under fine weather conditions from the models included speed limits, pedestrian age, light conditions, and vehicle maneuver. Under adverse weather conditions, the significant predictors were pedestrian age, vehicle maneuver, and speed limit.

Conclusions: Elderly pedestrians are associated with higher pedestrian injury severities. Higher speed limits increase pedestrian injury severity. Based on the research findings, recommendations are provided to improve pedestrian safety.     

Analyzing injury severity of bus passengers with different movements

Objective: Though public transport vehicles are rarely involved in mass casualty accidents, when they are, the number of injuries and fatalities is usually high due to the high passenger capacity. Of the few studies that have been conducted on bus safety, the majority focused on vehicle safety features, road environmental factors, as well as driver characteristics. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to investigate the underlying risk factors related to bus occupants. This article presents an investigation aimed at identifying the risk factors affecting injury severity of bus passengers with different movements.

Method: Three different passenger movement types including standing, seated, and boarding/alighting were analyzed individually using classification and regression tree (CART) method based on publicly available accident database of Great Britain.

Results: According to the results of exploratory analyses, passenger age and vehicle maneuver are associated with passenger injury severity in all 3 types of accidents. Moreover, the variable “skidding and overturning” is associated with injury severity of seated passengers and driver age is correlated with injury severity of standing and boarding/alighting passengers.

Conclusions: The CART method shows its ability to identify and easily explain the complicated patterns affecting passenger injury severity. Several countermeasures to reduce bus passenger injury severity are recommended.     

荧光法测定土壤中总的多环芳烃含量

用常规荧光法分析了土壤中多环芳烃总体特征光谱，同时以多环芳烃蒽作参比，定量估测了多环芳烃在土壤中的含量。蒽的线性范围0-2.0μg/mL，相关系数0.9996，检测限0.61ng/mL；测得土壤中的多环芳烃的测量浓度均〉1.01μg/g。     

净水污泥与粉末活性炭复合制备吸附剂去除氨氮研究

将净水污泥与粉末活性炭复合制备吸附剂,用于去除水中的氨氮。研究了净水污泥与粉末活性炭的最佳复合比例及煅烧温度,并采用EDX、SEM、XRD、FTIR、BET对吸附剂进行表征。考察了吸附时间、溶液初始pH、吸附剂投加量、氨氮初始浓度对氨氮吸附效果的影响。结果表明:复合吸附剂的吸附性能优于原泥,当吸附时间为5 h,pH为9时氨氮去除效果最佳。对实验结果进行吸附等温线及吸附动力学模型拟合,发现复合吸附剂对氨氮的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型及二级动力学方程。     

粤港澳大湾区飞机LTO污染排放因子及排放清单

针对2018~2019航季年粤港澳大湾区机场群,通过实际滑行时间修正和大气混合层高度对爬升/进近时间的修正,获得飞机主发动机排放因子和区内机场加权排放因子,同时考虑飞机辅助动力装置的排放,建立了区内飞机起飞着陆（LTO）污染排放清单.结果表明,区域内各机场污染物排放因子存在较大差异,主要来源于实际运行时间的修正以及各个机场不同的机型占比,其中NO_x、CO、HC、SO₂、PM 5类污染物的加权排放因子区内均值分别为17.58,8.60,0.79,1.37,0.15kg.排放量分别为15327.4,8066.7,728.4,1186.1,121.9t,绝大部分来自飞机主发动机排放.研究期内,NO_x排放量在年内呈现夏秋季高、冬春季低的变化趋势,其他污染物排放量变化较为平缓.所有污染物在各机场排放量的次序较为一致,香港、广州白云分列前两位.各机型中,区内NO_x及SO₂主要来自A320排放,所占比例分别为19.5%、17.1%;CO及HC排放占比最大的机型均为A321,分别为25.4%、27.2%;PM排放量占比最大的机型是B738,约为23.1%.     

Mercury in alpine fish from four rivers in the Tibetan Plateau

As a global pollutant, high levels of mercury (Hg) have been found in remote ecosystem due to the long range atmospheric transport. In this study, a total of 60 fish samples were collected from four rivers across the Tibetan Plateau to study the accumulation of Hg in remote and high-altitude aquatic environment. The total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in fish muscles ranged from 11 to 2097 ng/g dry weight (dw) (average: 819 ng/g dw) and from 14 to 1960 ng/g dw (average: 756 ng/g dw), respectively. Significantly positive linear relationships were observed between the THg (r = 0.591, p < 0.01, n = 36) and MeHg concentrations (r = 0.473, p < 0.01, n = 36) with the trophic level of fish from Lhasa River, suggesting trophic transfer and biomagnification of Hg in this aquatic ecosystem. Moreover, the THg levels in fish had significantly positive correlations with the length (r = 0.316, p < 0.05, n = 60) and weight (r = 0.271, p < 0.05, n = 60) of fish. The high levels of Hg were attributed to the slow growth and long lifespan of the fish under this sterile and cold environment. Risk assessment revealed that the consumption of Oxygymnocypris stewartii, Schizothorax macropogon, Schizothorax waltoni, Schizopygopsis younghusbandi and Schizothorax o'connori would lead to a high exposure to MeHg.     

桥梁工程施工中事故环境风险评估

笔者分析了桥梁工程施工过程中的事故环境的风险特征 ,介绍了桥梁结构设计、施工、地质、水文及气象等因素影响 ,评述了典型事故案例 ,特别讨论了桥梁施工中的种种风险因素分析 ,给出了各类因素的施工风险水平排序 ,提出了风险评估方法的建议     

榆林气田地下储气库建设前期技术研究

榆林气田自2001年投入规模开发以来积累了丰富的地质认识,通过已有的动、静态地质资料和国内外储气库建设的经验,细化地质模型,优选封闭构造体,优化储气库参数,建设一个具有储气量大、安全系数高、经济效益好的储气库,从而满足用气高峰期时下游用户的需求。     

西藏拉萨河流域巴嘎雪湿地水化学特征

以西藏拉萨河流域主要天然湿地之一的巴嘎雪湿地作为研究对象,对该湿地水体的pH值、水温、溶解氧(DO)、色度、浊度和15种金属元素的含量进行了分析检测.结果表明,巴嘎雪湿地水的pH、DO平均值分别为7.68、7.01mg/L;湿地水中15种金属元素含量均较低,汞、锡两种金属元素未能检出,其他13种金属元素的含量顺序为:Fe >Cr> V>Ni> Mn> As> Sb> Mo> Pb> Zn> Cu >Co> Cd,并均达到了国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅰ类水质标准.通过比较湿地进水和出水水质的发现,巴嘎雪湿地对色度、浊度和部分金属元素的去除效果显著.对色度、浊度的去除率分别达到了51.73%、94.8%,对不同金属元素的去除效果不同,Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、As、V的去除率分别为64.2%、36.9%、40.7%,28.2%、31.9%、67%.     

Br-Cl-共存溶液中Br-测定的研究

提出了一种用离子选择性电极、结合Matlab建立线性回归方程测定Br-的方法。经数理统计,回归系数R~2=1,回归方程与实验数据拟合理想。