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421.
Lefevre Kay Arora Chetan Lee Kevin Zaslavsky Arkady Bouadjenek Mohamed Reda Hassani Ali Razzak Imran 《The Environmentalist》2022,42(3):402-416
Environment Systems and Decisions - For mission critical (MC) applications such as bushfire emergency management systems (EMS), understanding the current situation as a disaster unfolds is critical... 相似文献
422.
Yicai Huang Jiayuan Chen Qiannan Duan Yunjin Feng Run Luo Wenjing Wang Fenli Liu Sifan Bi Jianchao Lee 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(3):38
423.
Lwin Chaw Su Kim Young-Nam Lee Mina Kim Kwon-Rae 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(42):62807-62821
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In anthropogenic soils, there have been relatively limited studies focusing on Cr and Ni contaminants because they exhibit less toxic effects to... 相似文献
424.
Kim Young-Nam Lee Keum-Ah Lee Mina Kim Kwon-Rae 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(58):87555-87567
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Globally, various types of soil amendments have been used to improve the fertility and quality of soils in agricultural lands. In heavy metal(loid)... 相似文献
425.
Ecological and physiological controls of species composition in green macroalgal blooms 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Nelson TA Haberlin K Nelson AV Ribarich H Hotchkiss R Van Alstyne KL Buckingham L Simunds DJ Fredrickson K 《Ecology》2008,89(5):1287-1298
Green macroalgal blooms have substantially altered marine community structure and function, specifically by smothering seagrasses and other primary producers that are critical to commercial fisheries and by creating anoxic conditions in enclosed embayments. Bottom-up factors are viewed as the primary drivers of these blooms, but increasing attention has been paid to biotic controls of species composition. In Washington State, USA, blooms are often dominated by Ulva spp. intertidally and Ulvaria obscura subtidally. Factors that could cause this spatial difference were examined, including competition, grazer preferences, salinity, photoacclimation, nutrient requirements, and responses to nutrient enrichment. Ulva specimens grew faster than Ulvaria in intertidal chambers but not significantly faster in subtidal chambers. Ulva was better able to acclimate to a high-light environment and was more tolerant of low salinity than Ulvaria. Ulvaria had higher tissue N content, chlorophyll, chlorophyll b: chlorophyll a, and protein content than Ulva. These differences suggest that nitrogen availability could affect species composition. A suite of five grazers preferred Ulva to Ulvaria in choice experiments. Thus, bottom-up factors allow Ulva to dominate the intertidal zone while resistance to grazers appears to allow Ulvaria to dominate the subtidal zone. While ulvoid algae are in the same functional-form group, they are not functionally redundant. 相似文献
426.
Tae Won Lee Michael J. Miller Hak Bin Hwang Sam Wouthuyzen Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Marine Biology》2008,153(3):285-295
Leptocephali of the widely distributed tropical marine eels of the genus Kaupichthys (family Chlopsidae) were collected around Sulawesi Island during a sampling survey in the Indonesian Seas in late September
and early October 2002, and the otolith microstructure of 24 of the 59 specimens captured was examined to learn about the
larval growth rates and spawning times of these small sized eels. Leptocephali ranging in size from 25 to 60 mm were collected
in Makassar Strait and the Celebes Sea, but they were most abundant in the semi-enclosed Tomini Bay of northeast Sulawesi
Island. The Kaupichthys leptocephali examined had 39–161 otolith growth increments. Their back-calculated hatching dates indicated that five age
groups were present and each group appeared to have been spawned around the full moon of previous months. Average growth rate
estimates of the first two age groups were 0.65 and 0.54 mm/day for the 27.4–30.4 and 37.6–45.6 mm age classes. The growth
rates of the oldest three age groups (52.0–60.8 mm) appeared to have slowed down after they reached their approximate maximum
size. An increase in increment widths at the outer margin of the otoliths of those larger than 53 mm suggested that the process
of metamorphosis had begun even though there were few external morphological changes indicating metamorphosis. It is hypothesized
that chlopsid leptocephali have an unusually short gut that may not need to move forward during early metamorphosis. The presence
of four age classes in Tomini Bay suggests that the Togian Islands region may be productive habitats for Kaupichthys juveniles and adults. 相似文献
427.
Erin H. Gillam Gary F. McCracken John K. Westbrook Ya-Fu Lee Michael L. Jensen Ben B. Balsley 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,64(1):69-79
Bats alter their echolocation in response to changes in ecological and behavioral conditions, but little is known about how
they adjust call structure in response to changes in altitude. We examined altitudinal variation in the echolocation of Brazilian
free-tailed bats, Tadarida brasiliensis, a species known to fly to altitudes of 3,000 m above the ground. From 50.2 h of recordings, we analyzed 113 high-quality
echolocation call sequences recorded from 0 to 862 m above ground level. Bats flying near the ground used shorter, higher-frequency,
broader-bandwidth calls compared to bats at higher altitudes, an effect likely due to the greater levels of echo-producing
clutter (i.e., vegetation, buildings) found near the ground. When ground-level recordings are excluded, bats continue to shift
towards the use of longer-duration, lower-frequency, narrower-bandwidth calls with increasing altitude. We propose that the
observed high-altitude changes in call structure are a response to changing acoustic attenuation rates and/or decreasing insect
densities at higher altitudes. 相似文献
428.
429.
To understand trace radionuclide (uranium) migration occurring in rocks, a granitic batholith located at the Korea Atomic
Energy Research Institute (KAERI) site was selected and investigated. The rock samples obtained from this site were examined
using mineralogical methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The changes
in the distribution pattern of uranium (U) and small amounts of trace elements, and the mineralogical textures affected by
weathering, were examined. Based on the element distribution analyses, it was found that Fe2+ released from fresh biotite is oxidized in short geological time, forming amorphous iron oxides, such as ferrihydrite, around
silicate minerals. In that case, the amorphous ferrihydrite does not show distinct adsorption for U. However, as it gradually
crystallizes to goethite or hematite, the most U-rich phases were found to be associated with the secondary iron oxides having
granular forms. This evidence suggests that the geological subsurface environment is favorable for the crystallized iron oxides
to keep their structures more stable for a long time as compared with the amorphous phases. There is a possibility that the
long residence of U which is in contact with the stable crystalline phases of iron may finally lead to the partial sequestration
of U in their structure. Consequently, it seems that Fe-oxide crystallization can be a dominating mechanism for U uptake and
controls long-term U transport in granites with low U contents. 相似文献
430.
Arsenite [As(III)]-oxidizing bacteria play important roles in reducing arsenic [As] toxicity and mobility in As-contaminated
areas. As-resistant bacteria were isolated from the soils of two abandoned mines in the Republic of Korea. The isolated bacteria
showed relatively high resistances to As(III) up to 26 mM. The PCR-based 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the isolated As-resistant
bacteria were close relatives to Serratia marcescensa, Pseudomonas putida, Pantoea agglomerans, and Alcaligenes sp. Among the five As-resistant bacterial isolates, Alcaligenes sp. strain RS-19 showed the highest As(III)-oxidizing activity in batch tests, completely oxidizing 1 mM of As(III) to As(V)
within 40 h during heterotrophic growth. This study suggests that the indigenous bacteria have evolved to retain the ability
to resist toxic As in the As-contaminated environments and moreover to convert the species to a less toxic form [e.g., from
As(III) to As(V)] and also contribute the biogeochemical cycling of As by being involved in speciation of As. 相似文献