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301.
The Iron Quadrangle (IQ) region, located in the state of Minas Gerais, has been the most important gold producing area in Brazil since the end of seventeenth century. The use of mercury for gold amalgamation in small scale mines has been responsible for large release of Hg to aquatic and terrestrial environments during 300 years of mining. The present work sought to evaluate the fractionation of Hg in stream sediments is the southern region of the IQ by utilizing sequential extraction. Since mobility and availability of Hg are related to its distribution among sediment partitions, fractionation methods provide detailed information on the ecotoxicological impact and risks associated to the presence of Hg in sediments. The total Hg concentration varied from 179.3 to 690.1 microg kg( - 1) and Hg(0) accounted for the majority at all sample sites, ranging from 42% to 56% of the total. 相似文献
302.
María A. Rubio Irene Fuenzalida Elizabeth Salinas Eduardo Lissi Ralf Kurtenbach Peter Wiesen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,162(1-4):209-217
CO/CO2 ratios have been measured in different locations of Santiago de Chile city. Measurements were carried out in a tunnel (prevailing emissions from cars with catalytic converter) and close to heavy traffic streets. Concentrations measured along the city traffic tunnel or temporal profiles of concentrations measured near heavy traffic streets allow an estimation of CO/CO2 ratios emitted from mobile sources. Values obtained range from 0.0045 ± 0.0006 to 0.0100 ± 0.0004 and depend on the prevailing type of mobile sources. In particular, lowest values were found close to a street with heavy traffic dominated by diesel-powered public transportation, while the highest values were found at the city tunnel. Places located near streets of mixed mobile sources (public buses and cars) showed intermediate values. Average CO/CO2 ratios are compatible with emission factors proposed for Santiago’s main mobile sources. 相似文献
303.
PROBLEM: The role of age (youth and driving inexperience) and alcohol as major risk factors in traffic crash causation has been firmly established by numerous studies over the past 50 years. Less well established is how the two variables interrelate to influence crash risk. Some investigations have hypothesized an interactive or synergistic effect in which young drivers with less experience and a greater tendency to take risks are more adversely affected at lower blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) than are older drivers. The evidence for this hypothesis is mixed. Resolution of this issue has important implication for developing countermeasures directed at the young driver crash problem. METHOD: Case control data previously collected in Long Beach and Fort Lauderdale were reanalyzed using a more sensitive method for detecting interaction effects than used in the original analysis. A conditional logistic regression analyses found a highly significant agexBAC interaction (P<.0001) involving differences between drivers under 21 and those 21 and older. DISCUSSION: The results clearly indicate that positive BACs in drivers under 21 are associated with higher relative crash risks than would be predicted from the additive effect of BAC and age. It is likely that two mechanisms are operating to cause the interaction. First, it seems likely that the crash avoidance skill of young novice drivers would be more adversely affected by alcohol due to their driving inexperience, immaturity, and less experience with alcohol. Second, drivers under 21 who choose to drink and to drive after drinking probably have pre-existing characteristics that predisposed them to risk taking and crash involvement apart from any increased vulnerability to alcohol impairment. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The results support increased enforcement of zero-tolerance BAC laws for minors. 相似文献
304.
Maria João Rocha Catarina Cruzeiro Mário Reis Miguel Ângelo Pardal Eduardo Rocha 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(6):3337-3350
The Mondego River estuary demonstrates signs of pollution, but the levels of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as the natural (17β-estradiol and estrone) and pharmaceutical (17α-ethynylestradiol) estrogens, xenoestrogenic industrial pollutants (4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, and their mono- and diethoxylates and bisphenol A), phytoestrogens (formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, and genistein), and sitosterol were either poorly or never measured in this area. Thus, to conclude about the influx of EDCs in this estuary, water samples were taken every 2 months, during 1 year (2010) in low tide, at eight sites distributed along the estuary. Water samples (1 L) were preconcentrated in the Oasis HLB cartridges and cleaned in silica cartridges before their analysis by GC-MS. In summer, potentially hazardous amounts of estrogens (≈26 ng L?1), alkylphenols (≈11.5 μg L?1), alkylphenolethoxylates (≈13 μg L?1), and phytoestrogens (≈5.6 μg L?1) were measured. These data suggest that changes in the hydrodynamics of the estuary coupled with the increase of water temperatures interfere with the amount of EDCs in the water. Complementary physicochemical parameters also point to high levels of anthropogenic pollution in this area. Globally, the estrogenic load, expressed in ethynylestradiol equivalents, attained 71.8 ng L?1 demonstrating that, all together, the measured EDCs pose important health risks for both biota and humans. 相似文献
305.
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307.
Silveira Miranda Jefferson Eduardo de Melo Fabiano Rodrigues Keichi Umetsu Ricardo 《Environmental management》2020,65(4):565-573
Environmental Management - Understand the spatial distribution of wildlife roadkill is necessary to design mitigation measures minimizing damage to the fauna and the human population. Thus, we... 相似文献
308.
de Souza Celente Gleison Colares Gustavo Stolzenberg Machado Ênio Leandro Lobo Eduardo Alexis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(10):9931-9937
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water shortage is a current problem faced by many regions. The deterioration of water bodies driven by the directly discard of untreated wastewater... 相似文献
309.
Victoria Reyes-García lvaro Fernndez-Llamazares Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas Petra Benyei Rainer W. Bussmann Sara K. Diamond David García-del-Amo Sara Guadilla-Sez Natalia Hanazaki Nicolas Kosoy Margarita Lavides Ana C. Luz Pamela McElwee Vicky J. Meretsky Teresa Newberry Zsolt Molnr Isabel Ruiz-Malln Matthieu Salpeteur Felice S. Wyndham Francisco Zorondo-Rodriguez Eduardo S. Brondizio 《Ambio》2022,51(1):84
The Convention on Biological Diversity is defining the goals that will frame future global biodiversity policy in a context of rapid biodiversity decline and under pressure to make transformative change. Drawing on the work of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, we argue that transformative change requires the foregrounding of Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ rights and agency in biodiversity policy. We support this argument with four key points. First, Indigenous peoples and local communities hold knowledge essential for setting realistic and effective biodiversity targets that simultaneously improve local livelihoods. Second, Indigenous peoples’ conceptualizations of nature sustain and manifest CBD’s 2050 vision of “Living in harmony with nature.” Third, Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ participation in biodiversity policy contributes to the recognition of human and Indigenous peoples’ rights. And fourth, engagement in biodiversity policy is essential for Indigenous peoples and local communities to be able to exercise their recognized rights to territories and resources. 相似文献
310.
Madhavi Rajak Khageshwar Singh Patel Nitin Kumar Jaiswal Raj Kishore Patel Elza Bontempi Eduardo Yubero Laurent Matini Sema Yurdakul Pablo Martín-Ramos 《环境质量管理》2023,32(3):287-299
Soil quality in urban areas in India is degraded due to multiple anthropogenic activities. The objectives of this work are to determine the concentration variations, toxicity, and sources of carbons, metals, and ions in the surface soil of Raipur, the industrialized capital city of Chhattisgarh state, India. High concentrations of Al, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, and elemental carbon (EC) were registered. Relatively lower concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb, organic carbon (OC), and carbonate carbon (CC), as well as ions (viz. F–, Cl–, NO3–, SO42–, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), were also recorded. EC was found to be one of the major pollutants, although enrichment factors pointed to high contamination with SO42–, K+, Mg2+, Cr, Mn, and Pb; and extreme contamination with NO3– and Ca2+. The spatial and temporal variations, enrichment factors, toxicity, and sources of the chemical species detected in the soil are discussed. 相似文献